将python应用程序部署到heroku，与gunicorn配置抗争

我继承了一个python django应用程序，并试图在其中注入新的活力。它目前正在使用python 2.7和许多我最终需要升级的旧软件包。但升级之前的第一件事是我想让它在heroku上成功运行。到目前为止，我在本地运行良好，但我遇到了与heroku和gunicorn的问题

下面是我得到的错误：

2020-09-10T03:48:27.212247+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `gunicorn spotlit_due_diligence.spotlit_due_diligence.wsgi:application`
2020-09-10T03:48:29.477479+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up
2020-09-10T03:48:29.206728+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-10 03:48:29 +0000] [4] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.10.0
2020-09-10T03:48:29.207159+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-10 03:48:29 +0000] [4] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:45741 (4)
2020-09-10T03:48:29.207253+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-10 03:48:29 +0000] [4] [INFO] Using worker: sync
2020-09-10T03:48:29.211268+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-10 03:48:29 +0000] [11] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 11
2020-09-10T03:48:29.250434+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-10 03:48:29 +0000] [13] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 13
2020-09-10T03:48:29.000000+00:00 app[api]: Build succeeded
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075238+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-10 03:48:30 +0000] [11] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075250+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075251+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 586, in spawn_worker
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075251+00:00 app[web.1]: worker.init_process()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075251+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in init_process
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075252+00:00 app[web.1]: self.load_wsgi()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075252+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075252+00:00 app[web.1]: self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075253+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075253+00:00 app[web.1]: self.callable = self.load()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075254+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075254+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.load_wsgiapp()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075254+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 41, in load_wsgiapp
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075255+00:00 app[web.1]: return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075255+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 350, in import_app
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075255+00:00 app[web.1]: __import__(module)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075255+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/spotlit_due_diligence/spotlit_due_diligence/wsgi.py", line 33, in <module>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075256+00:00 app[web.1]: application = get_wsgi_application()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075256+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075256+00:00 app[web.1]: django.setup()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075256+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 17, in setup
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075256+00:00 app[web.1]: configure_logging(settings.LOGGING_CONFIG, settings.LOGGING)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075257+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 48, in __getattr__
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075257+00:00 app[web.1]: self._setup(name)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075257+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 44, in _setup
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075257+00:00 app[web.1]: self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075257+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 92, in __init__
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075258+00:00 app[web.1]: mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075258+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075258+00:00 app[web.1]: __import__(name)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075258+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/spotlit_due_diligence/spotlit_due_diligence/settings/powell.py", line 93, in <module>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075259+00:00 app[web.1]: os.mkdir('encryption_keys')
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075259+00:00 app[web.1]: OSError: [Errno 17] File exists: 'encryption_keys'
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075406+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-10 03:48:30 +0000] [11] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 11)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.455830+00:00 app[web.1]: In file included from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include-fixed/syslimits.h:7:0,
2020-09-10T03:48:30.455837+00:00 app[web.1]: from /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include-fixed/limits.h:34,
2020-09-10T03:48:30.455838+00:00 app[web.1]: from /app/.heroku/python/include/python2.7/Python.h:19,
2020-09-10T03:48:30.455839+00:00 app[web.1]: from .heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/magic/__pycache__/_cffi__x14a33f6ax54cebdac.c:2:
2020-09-10T03:48:30.455839+00:00 app[web.1]: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/7/include-fixed/limits.h:194:15: fatal error: limits.h: No such file or directory
2020-09-10T03:48:30.455840+00:00 app[web.1]: #include_next <limits.h>  /* recurse down to the real one */
2020-09-10T03:48:30.455841+00:00 app[web.1]: ^~~~~~~~~~
2020-09-10T03:48:30.455847+00:00 app[web.1]: compilation terminated.
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460417+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-09 22:48:30 +0000] [13] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460418+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460419+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 586, in spawn_worker
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460420+00:00 app[web.1]: worker.init_process()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460420+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 135, in init_process
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460420+00:00 app[web.1]: self.load_wsgi()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460421+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460421+00:00 app[web.1]: self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460421+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460422+00:00 app[web.1]: self.callable = self.load()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460437+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460437+00:00 app[web.1]: return self.load_wsgiapp()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460438+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 41, in load_wsgiapp
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460438+00:00 app[web.1]: return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460438+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 350, in import_app
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460439+00:00 app[web.1]: __import__(module)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460440+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/spotlit_due_diligence/spotlit_due_diligence/wsgi.py", line 33, in <module>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460440+00:00 app[web.1]: application = get_wsgi_application()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460440+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/wsgi.py", line 14, in get_wsgi_application
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460441+00:00 app[web.1]: django.setup()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460441+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460441+00:00 app[web.1]: apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460442+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 85, in populate
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460442+00:00 app[web.1]: app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460442+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 86, in create
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460443+00:00 app[web.1]: module = import_module(entry)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460444+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460444+00:00 app[web.1]: __import__(name)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460444+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/magic/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460445+00:00 app[web.1]: from . import ffi
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460445+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/magic/ffi.py", line 27, in <module>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460446+00:00 app[web.1]: ext_package="magic")
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460446+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cffi/api.py", line 437, in verify
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460447+00:00 app[web.1]: lib = self.verifier.load_library()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460447+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cffi/verifier.py", line 113, in load_library
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460447+00:00 app[web.1]: self._compile_module()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460448+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cffi/verifier.py", line 210, in _compile_module
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460448+00:00 app[web.1]: outputfilename = ffiplatform.compile(tmpdir, self.get_extension())
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460448+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cffi/ffiplatform.py", line 29, in compile
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460449+00:00 app[web.1]: outputfilename = _build(tmpdir, ext, compiler_verbose)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460449+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cffi/ffiplatform.py", line 62, in _build
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460450+00:00 app[web.1]: raise VerificationError('%s: %s' % (e.__class__.__name__, e))
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460450+00:00 app[web.1]: VerificationError: CompileError: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
2020-09-10T03:48:30.460742+00:00 app[web.1]: [2020-09-09 22:48:30 +0000] [13] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 13)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512245+00:00 app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512247+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/bin/gunicorn", line 8, in <module>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512302+00:00 app[web.1]: sys.exit(run())
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512325+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 61, in run
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512364+00:00 app[web.1]: WSGIApplication("%(prog)s [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]").run()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512385+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 223, in run
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512517+00:00 app[web.1]: super(Application, self).run()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512521+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 72, in run
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512562+00:00 app[web.1]: Arbiter(self).run()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512565+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 232, in run
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512633+00:00 app[web.1]: self.halt(reason=inst.reason, exit_status=inst.exit_status)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512637+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 345, in halt
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512724+00:00 app[web.1]: self.stop()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512724+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 396, in stop
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512823+00:00 app[web.1]: time.sleep(0.1)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512824+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 245, in handle_chld
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512888+00:00 app[web.1]: self.reap_workers()
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512891+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 528, in reap_workers
2020-09-10T03:48:30.512992+00:00 app[web.1]: raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
2020-09-10T03:48:30.513066+00:00 app[web.1]: gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer 'Worker failed to boot.' 3>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.580846+00:00 heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 1
2020-09-10T03:48:30.625801+00:00 heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to crashed

这是我的wsgi.py文件：

import os
from os.path import abspath, dirname
from sys import path

SITE_ROOT = dirname(dirname(abspath(__file__)))
path.append(SITE_ROOT)

# We defer to a DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE already in the environment. This breaks
# if running multiple sites in the same mod_wsgi process. To fix this, use
# mod_wsgi daemon mode with each site in its own daemon process, or use
# os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "jajaja.settings"
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "settings.powell")
# from whitenoise.django import DjangoWhiteNoise
# This application object is used by any WSGI server configured to use this
# file. This includes Django's development server, if the WSGI_APPLICATION
# setting points here.
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

感谢您提供的任何指导

2020-09-10T03:48:30.075258+00:00应用程序[web.1]：文件“/app/spotlight\u dure\u dure\u duligence/spotlight\u dure\u duligence/settings/powell.py”，第93行，in
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075258+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/spotlit_due_diligence/spotlit_due_diligence/settings/powell.py", line 93, in <module>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075259+00:00 app[web.1]: os.mkdir('encryption_keys')
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075259+00:00 app[web.1]: OSError: [Errno 17] File exists: 'encryption_keys'

2020-09-10T03:48:30.075259+00:00应用程序[web.1]：os.mkdir（“加密密钥”）
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075259+00:00应用程序[web.1]：操作错误：[Errno 17]文件存在：“加密密钥”

gunicorn雇佣了多名员工。在代码

spotlit\u dure\u diligence/spotlit\u dure\u diligence/settings/powell.py

第93行中，您正在使用

os.mkdir（'encryption\u keys'）创建文件夹a

这在第一次辅助运行时运行良好，但在第二次辅助运行时将抛出错误

您必须使代码更加健壮，并处理该异常。此外，并非每个项目都与gunicorn兼容。

---

您是否也在本地使用gunicorn运行您的项目？您通常会在结尾用gunicorn包装它。

感谢@tin的响应-我不是在本地用gunicorn运行它…只是在运行python manage.py runserver。

2020-09-10T03:48:30.075258+00:00 app[web.1]: File "/app/spotlit_due_diligence/spotlit_due_diligence/settings/powell.py", line 93, in <module>
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075259+00:00 app[web.1]: os.mkdir('encryption_keys')
2020-09-10T03:48:30.075259+00:00 app[web.1]: OSError: [Errno 17] File exists: 'encryption_keys'