Python 基于PIP的Windows菲奥娜安装错误

我已经在windows系统中创建了python环境。Python版本是3.6.我想安装菲奥娜。尝试将pip命令用作

pip install Fiona

但得到的错误是

Collecting Fiona
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/be/04/31d0a6f03943b1684f32c9b861be40c1fd282468fa6bd54ddf4a774e6b0f/Fiona-1.8.13.tar.gz
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'c:\users\User\myenv\scripts\python.exe' -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-1dhz9c5u\\Fiona\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-1dhz9c5u\\Fiona\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base 'C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1dhz9c5u\Fiona\pip-egg-info'
         cwd: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-1dhz9c5u\Fiona\
    Complete output (1 lines):
    A GDAL API version must be specified. Provide a path to gdal-config using a GDAL_CONFIG environment variable or use a GDAL_VERSION environment variable.
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

我也试过这个

pip install Fiona-1.8.13-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl

这也是一个错误

    building 'osgeo._gdal' extension
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\extensions
      C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.24.28314\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MT -I../../port -I../../gcore -I../../alg -I../../ogr/ -I../../ogr/ogrsf_frmts -I../../gnm -I../../apps -Ic:\users\User\anaconda3\include -Ic:\users\User\anaconda3\include -Ic:\users\User\myenv\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.24.28314\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.24.28314\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\cppwinrt" /EHsc /Tpextensions/gdal_wrap.cpp /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.6\Release\extensions/gdal_wrap.obj
      gdal_wrap.cpp
      extensions/gdal_wrap.cpp(3173): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'cpl_port.h': No such file or directory
      error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\Community\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.24.28314\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2
      ---------------------------------------

-
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for gdal

尝试将gdal安装为

pip安装gdal-2.4.1-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl

，该操作成功。但是菲奥娜的安装仍然有错误。

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如何解决这个问题？

pip和gdal不能很好地协同工作。我的建议是为此使用（ana）conda（）包管理器（从错误来看，您可能已经在使用anaconda）

conda安装conda forge:：fiona对我来说通常是完美无瑕的。看看GIS堆栈交换上的以下问题：正如@Swier所写的，pip和GDAL不能很好地协同工作-如果在windows上工作，尤其如此。我建议在菲奥娜安装PIP之前手动安装一个预构建的轮子并手动安装。请确保根据您的系统和python版本选择正确的版本！