在Python中访问集合类属性

我在Python3.6中工作，有两个类，一个类用作另一个类的列表的容器，但是嵌套类并不从高阶类继承。基本上，这里是我所看到的内容的简化：

class Library():

    def __init__(self, name, bookList):
        """
        Initializes a library class object
        Send: self (Library object), name (str), list of books in the library (list of Book objects)    
        """
        self.name=name
        self.bookList=bookList

class Book():
    def __init__(self, title, author, year):
        """
        Initializes a book class object
        Send: self (Book object), title (str), author (str), year (int)
        """
        self.title=title
        self.author=author
        self.year=year

    def owningLibrary(self):
        """
        Identifies the name of the library that owns the book
        Send: self (Book object)
        """
        #some code that looks at the library's name and returns it

if __name__=="__main__":

    #Create book
    warAndPeace = Book("War and Peace", "Tolstoy, Leo", 1869)
    hitchhikersGuide = Book("Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The", "Adams, Douglas", 1985)

    #Create library
    orangeCountyLibrary = Library("Orange County Public Library", [warAndPeace, hitchhikersGuide])

    #Print the current owner of Hitchhiker's Guide
    print(hitchhikersGuide.owningLibrary())

我的问题是：如何使包含的对象（书籍）能够访问容器对象（库）的属性/方法。在我的示例中：返回所属库的“name”变量

我考虑尝试的是：

• 继承+super（）-但是书籍不是库的子类，库只是包含书籍
• 在每个图书对象上维护库特征-但这看起来很笨重，会在整个库和图书对象中复制数据

---

我确信我遗漏了一些明显的东西，但我搜索的所有东西似乎都返回了关于继承的建议，这对我来说似乎没有意义。谢谢你的帮助

添加到

书中。\uuuu init\uuuu

：

self.library = None

for book in self.bookList:
    book.library = self

class Library:
    def __init__(self, name, book_list):
        """
        Initializes a library class object
        Send: self (Library object), name (str), list of books in the library (list of Book objects)    
        """
        self.name = name
        self.bookList = book_list
        # set reference to the name of this library for every added book
        for book in book_list:
            book.library = self.name


class Book:
    def __init__(self, title, author, year):
        """
        Initializes a book class object
        Send: self (Book object), title (str), author (str), year (int)
        """
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.year = year
        self.library = None  # book does not belong to any library yet


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Create book
    warAndPeace = Book("War and Peace", "Tolstoy, Leo", 1869)
    hitchhikersGuide = Book("Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The", "Adams, Douglas", 1985)

    # Create library
    orangeCountyLibrary = Library("Orange County Public Library", [warAndPeace, hitchhikersGuide])

    # Print the current owner of Hitchhiker's Guide
    print(hitchhikersGuide.library)  # Orange County Public Library

添加到

owningLibrary

：

if self.library is None:
    return "No Library"
return self.library.name

添加到

库。\uuuuu init\uuuuu

：

self.library = None

for book in self.bookList:
    book.library = self

class Library:
    def __init__(self, name, book_list):
        """
        Initializes a library class object
        Send: self (Library object), name (str), list of books in the library (list of Book objects)    
        """
        self.name = name
        self.bookList = book_list
        # set reference to the name of this library for every added book
        for book in book_list:
            book.library = self.name


class Book:
    def __init__(self, title, author, year):
        """
        Initializes a book class object
        Send: self (Book object), title (str), author (str), year (int)
        """
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.year = year
        self.library = None  # book does not belong to any library yet


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Create book
    warAndPeace = Book("War and Peace", "Tolstoy, Leo", 1869)
    hitchhikersGuide = Book("Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The", "Adams, Douglas", 1985)

    # Create library
    orangeCountyLibrary = Library("Orange County Public Library", [warAndPeace, hitchhikersGuide])

    # Print the current owner of Hitchhiker's Guide
    print(hitchhikersGuide.library)  # Orange County Public Library

---

如果

书

没有一个属性告诉它，它就无法知道它在

库

中。然后，库实例需要告诉所有的图书库包含它们。

因为

库和
书是“定义”独立的，所以必须从
书中显式地创建对
库的引用

一种解决方案是将
library
字段添加到
Book
类中，该类将存储库的名称（或对
library
对象的引用，取决于您计划进一步执行的操作）。这可以在
库中完成
\uuuuu init\uuuuu
：

self.library = None

for book in self.bookList:
    book.library = self

class Library:
    def __init__(self, name, book_list):
        """
        Initializes a library class object
        Send: self (Library object), name (str), list of books in the library (list of Book objects)    
        """
        self.name = name
        self.bookList = book_list
        # set reference to the name of this library for every added book
        for book in book_list:
            book.library = self.name


class Book:
    def __init__(self, title, author, year):
        """
        Initializes a book class object
        Send: self (Book object), title (str), author (str), year (int)
        """
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.year = year
        self.library = None  # book does not belong to any library yet


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Create book
    warAndPeace = Book("War and Peace", "Tolstoy, Leo", 1869)
    hitchhikersGuide = Book("Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, The", "Adams, Douglas", 1985)

    # Create library
    orangeCountyLibrary = Library("Orange County Public Library", [warAndPeace, hitchhikersGuide])

    # Print the current owner of Hitchhiker's Guide
    print(hitchhikersGuide.library)  # Orange County Public Library

如果一本
书
可能同时存在于多个库中：


初始化
self.library=[]
而不是
self.library=None

在
Library
中，构造函数执行
book.libraries.append（self.name）
而不是
book.Library=self.name
我这样做的方式是：

类库：
定义初始化（self，name）：
self.name=name
self.books=[]
教材：
定义初始（自我、标题、作者、年份、库）：
self.title=标题
self.author=作者
self.year=年
self.library=library
self.library.books.append（self）#把这本书放进图书馆
#创建库
orangeCountyLibrary=图书馆（“Orange县公共图书馆”
#创作书籍
战争与和平=书（“战争与和平”，“托尔斯泰，利奥”，
1869年，橘子园（图书馆）
《银河系搭便车指南》=Book（“银河系搭便车指南”，
“亚当斯，道格拉斯”，1985年，橘子国家图书馆）
#打印《搭便车指南》的当前所有者
印刷（搭便车指南.图书馆）#奥兰治县公共图书馆

这是tkinter处理将画布实例连接到Tk实例的方式。
将书本添加到库中时，在书本上设置一个属性，该属性引用它所属的库？kindof per
book.SetLibrary（lib）
和
\uuu我的图书馆
在
书
拥有的图书馆
里面似乎不是
书
应该有的方法。