Python numpy matplotlib mplot3d中的线框连接方式错误
我正在尝试使用matplotlib在Python中创建一个3D线框 然而,当我开始实际的图形绘制时,线框以错误的方式连接,如下图所示 如何强制matplotlib沿特定轴连接线框 我的代码如下:Python numpy matplotlib mplot3d中的线框连接方式错误,python,numpy,matplotlib,3d,mplot3d,Python,Numpy,Matplotlib,3d,Mplot3d,我正在尝试使用matplotlib在Python中创建一个3D线框 然而,当我开始实际的图形绘制时,线框以错误的方式连接,如下图所示 如何强制matplotlib沿特定轴连接线框 我的代码如下: import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d def rossler(x_n, y_n, z_n, h, a, b, c): #defining the rossle
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
def rossler(x_n, y_n, z_n, h, a, b, c):
#defining the rossler function
x_n1=x_n+h*(-y_n-z_n)
y_n1=y_n+h*(x_n+a*y_n)
z_n1=z_n+h*(b+z_n*(x_n-c))
return x_n1,y_n1,z_n1
#defining a, b, and c
a = 1.0/5.0
b = 1.0/5.0
c = 5
#defining time limits and steps
t_0 = 0
t_f = 32*np.pi
h = 0.01
steps = int((t_f-t_0)/h)
#3dify
c_list = np.linspace(5,10,6)
c_size = len(c_list)
c_array = np.zeros((c_size,steps))
for i in range (0, c_size):
for j in range (0, steps):
c_array[i][j] = c_list[i]
#create plotting values
t = np.zeros((c_size,steps))
for i in range (0, c_size):
t[i] = np.linspace(t_0,t_f,steps)
x = np.zeros((c_size,steps))
y = np.zeros((c_size,steps))
z = np.zeros((c_size,steps))
binvar, array_size = x.shape
#initial conditions
x[0] = 0
y[0] = 0
z[0] = 0
for j in range(0, c_size-1):
for i in range(array_size-1):
c = c_list[j]
#re-evaluate the values of the x-arrays depending on the initial conditions
[x[j][i+1],y[j][i+1],z[j][i+1]]=rossler(x[j][i],y[j][i],z[j][i],t[j][i+1]-t[j][i],a,b,c)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
ax.plot_wireframe(t,x,c_array, rstride=10, cstride=10)
plt.show()
我将此作为输出:
另一角度的相同输出:
而我希望线框沿着波峰连接。很抱歉,我不能给你一张我想看的图片,这是我的问题,但我想它更像是教程中的图片。我不确定你到底想实现什么,但我认为它行不通 以下是逐层打印(不填充和填充)时数据的外观: 您正在尝试将其绘制为线框绘制。以下是线框图的外观,如下所示: 请注意巨大的区别:线框图本质上是一个正确的曲面图,唯一的区别是曲面的面是完全透明的。这也意味着您只能打印
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
for zind in range(t.shape[0]):
tnow,xnow,cnow = t[zind,:],x[zind,:],c_array[zind,:]
hplot = ax.plot(tnow,xnow,cnow)
# alternatively fill:
stride = 10
tnow,xnow,cnow = tnow[::stride],xnow[::stride],cnow[::stride]
slice_from = slice(None,-1)
slice_to = slice(1,None)
xpoly = np.array([tnow[slice_from],
tnow[slice_to],
tnow[slice_to],
tnow[slice_from]]
).T
ypoly = np.array([xnow[slice_from],
xnow[slice_to],
np.zeros_like(xnow[slice_to]),
np.zeros_like(xnow[slice_from])]
).T
zpoly = np.array([cnow[slice_from],
cnow[slice_to],
cnow[slice_to],
cnow[slice_from]]
).T
tmppoly = [tuple(zip(xrow,yrow,zrow)) for xrow,yrow,zrow in zip(xpoly,ypoly,zpoly)]
poly3dcoll = Poly3DCollection(tmppoly,linewidth=0.0)
poly3dcoll.set_edgecolor(hplot[0].get_color())
poly3dcoll.set_facecolor(hplot[0].get_color())
ax.add_collection3d(poly3dcoll)
plt.xlabel('t')
plt.ylabel('x')
plt.show()
还有一个选项:切换坐标轴,使(x,t)对对应于垂直平面而不是水平平面。在这种情况下,各种c
值的函数绘制在平行平面上。这允许正确使用线框图,但由于函数在不同的时间步中具有极值,因此结果与原始图一样混乱。您可以尝试沿t
轴使用很少的绘图,并希望极值接近。这种方法需要太多的猜测,所以我没有亲自尝试。可以将每个函数绘制为填充曲面,但:
from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
for zind in range(t.shape[0]):
tnow,xnow,cnow = t[zind,:],x[zind,:],c_array[zind,:]
hplot = ax.plot(tnow,cnow,xnow)
# alternative to fill:
stride = 10
tnow,xnow,cnow = tnow[::stride],xnow[::stride],cnow[::stride]
slice_from = slice(None,-1)
slice_to = slice(1,None)
xpoly = np.array([tnow[slice_from],
tnow[slice_to],
tnow[slice_to],
tnow[slice_from]]
).T
ypoly = np.array([xnow[slice_from],
xnow[slice_to],
np.zeros_like(xnow[slice_to]),
np.zeros_like(xnow[slice_from])]
).T
tmppoly = [tuple(zip(xrow,yrow)) for xrow,yrow in zip(xpoly,ypoly)]
polycoll = PolyCollection(tmppoly,linewidth=0.5)
polycoll.set_edgecolor(hplot[0].get_color())
polycoll.set_facecolor(hplot[0].get_color())
ax.add_collection3d(polycoll,zdir='y',zs=cnow[0])
hplot[0].set_color('none')
ax.set_xlabel('t')
ax.set_zlabel('x')
plt.show()
这会导致如下结果:
然而,有几件事需要注意
如果我明白了,你想用多边形链接这6条轨迹。您可以通过2乘2对记录道进行三角剖分,然后打印没有边或反对齐的曲面来实现这一点。也许选择一个好的颜色贴图也会有所帮助 请记住,这将是一个非常沉重的阴谋。导出的SVG重量为10mb:) 以下是生成的图像:
尝试
scatter
将其分类。当我将绘图更改为ax.scatter(x,y,z_数组,s=0.1)
时,我可以看到像6个堆叠的Roessler吸引子一样的东西挤入xy平面
import matplotlib.tri as mtri
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
for LineIndex in range(c_size-1):
# If plotting all at once, you get a MemoryError. I'll plot each 6 points
for Sample in range(0, array_size-1, 3):
# I switched x and c_array, because the surface and the triangles
# will look better by default
X = np.concatenate([t[LineIndex,Sample:Sample+3], t[LineIndex+1,Sample:Sample+3]])
Y = np.concatenate([c_array[LineIndex,Sample:Sample+3], c_array[LineIndex+1,Sample:Sample+3]])
Z = np.concatenate([x[LineIndex,Sample:Sample+3], x[LineIndex+1,Sample:Sample+3]])
T = mtri.Triangulation(X, Y)
ax.plot_trisurf(X, Y, Z, triangles=T.triangles, edgecolor='none', antialiased=False)
ax.set_xlabel('t')
ax.set_zlabel('x')
plt.savefig('Test.png', format='png', dpi=600)
plt.show()