Python Django:将上载的文件保存在特定目录中

我想将用户上载的文件保存在项目目录“media/documents/（其用户id）/filename.pdf”中。我试着这样做：

def user_directory_path(request, filename):
    return 'user_{0}/{1}'.format(request.user.id, filename)

但我得到了这个错误：

我不知道该怎么办，我有点像个傻瓜。谢谢你的帮助

My models.py：

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser


def user_directory_path(request, filename):
    return 'user_{0}/{1}'.format(request.user.id, filename)


class Contract(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key = True)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    date_created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    file = models.FileField(upload_to=user_directory_path, default = 'settings.MEDIA_ROOT/documents/default.pdf')

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['-date_created']

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


class Employer(AbstractBaseUser):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    company_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    contracts_made = models.ForeignKey(Contract, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1)
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['-date_joined']

    def __str__(self):
        full_name = str(self.first_name) + " " + str(self.last_name)
        return full_name


class Employee(AbstractBaseUser):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    agreed = models.ForeignKey(Contract, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['date_joined']

    def __str__(self):
        full_name = str(self.first_name) + " " + str(self.last_name)
        return full_name

Views.py：

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import UploadFileForm


def HomePageView(request):
    return render(request, 'home.html')


def model_form_upload(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = UploadFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('home')
    else:
        form = UploadFileForm()
    return render(request, 'model_form_upload.html', {
        'form': form
    })

Forms.py：

from django import forms
from .models import Contract


class UploadFileForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Contract
        fields = ('title', 'file')

root/settings.py：

"""
Django settings for ContractPal project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.1.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

import os
from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'sdcmn$--+h_392b0-2-jps$zls4!7p+4mq65e=1q6&#p%l1f!!'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'contract.apps.ContractConfig',
    'django.contrib.sites',
]

SITE_ID = 1

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'ContractPal.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [
            os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates/')
        ],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'ContractPal.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/London'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'staticfiles')

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media/')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

#CRISPY_TEMPLATE_PACK = 'bootstrap4'

#LOGIN_URL = '/account/login/'

ACCOUNT_ADAPTER = 'invitations.models.InvitationsAdapter'

---

传递给

upload\u to

的函数不将请求作为第一个参数，而是将模型实例作为第一个参数（请参阅）

如果您希望能够从

合同中获取用户

，则必须在合同中保存此信息：

def用户目录路径（实例，文件名）：
返回'user{0}/{1}'。格式（instance.user\u id，文件名）
类别合同（models.Model）：
id=models.AutoField（主键=True）
user=models.ForeignKey（settings.AUTH\u user\u MODEL，models.PROTECT）
title=models.CharField（最大长度=50）
date\u created=models.DateTimeField（auto\u now\u add=True）
file=models.FileField（上传到=user\u目录\u路径，默认值='settings.MEDIA\u ROOT/documents/default.pdf'）
类元：
排序=['-创建日期']
定义（自我）：
返回自己的标题

当然，这意味着在创建合同时，还必须传递给用户。例如：

def some_视图（请求、*args、**kwargs）：
Contract.objects.create（user=request.user，…）

您无法在默认型号功能中访问请求的用户。callable有两个参数，首先是要保存的实例和上载文件的文件名