Python 如何绘制实时图形，两个轴都依赖于时间？

我想制作一个显示潜水员跳入水中的动画

根据给定的潜水员离开水面的原始高度，

h

和他的质量，

m

，我用Python定义了一个程序来计算他接触水面的时刻，

Tc

知道他垂直跳跃，X轴是固定的，并且 Y轴服从方程式（1/2）gt^2+h（g为重力常数）

当时间

t

在范围内（

Tc

），X轴和Y轴显示潜水员的投影时，如何绘制图形？（

x

是固定的，

y

取决于时间

t

）

在图形窗口中，我们应该看到一个点从一定高度垂直向下“跳跃”，而看不到投影的线条/轨迹

这是我工作的一部分。我不知道在程序中从何处引入

Tc

：

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation

# First set up the figure, the axis, and the plot element we want to animate
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(xlim=(0, 2), ylim=(-2, 2))
line, = ax.plot([], [], lw=2)

# initialization function: plot the background of each frame
def init():
    line.set_data([], [])
    return line,

# animation function.  This is called sequentially
def animate(i):
    x = np.empty(n) ; x.fill(1)   # the vertical position is fixed on x-axis
    y = 0.5*g*i^2 + h             # the equation of diver's displacement on y axis

    line.set_data(x, y) 
    return line,

# call the animator.  blit=True means only re-draw the parts that have changed.
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init,
        frames=200, interval=20, blit=True)

plt.show()

编辑：

这是整个节目。我应用并修改了@Mike Muller给出的建议，但没有效果。我不明白哪里出了问题。希望你能澄清我的疑问

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from math import *  
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation

def Plongeon():
    h = input("height = ")
    h = float(h)

    m = input(" mass = ")
    m = float(m)
    global g
    g = 9.8
    g = float(g)

    global Tc        #calculate air time, Tc
    Tc = sqrt(2*h/g)
    Tc = round(Tc,2)
    print Tc



    # First set up the figure, the axis, and the plot element we want to animate
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = plt.axes(xlim=(0, 2), ylim=(-2, h+1))  #ymax : initial height+1
    line, = ax.plot([], [], ' o', lw=2)


    Tc = int(Tc+1)       #make Tc an integer to be used later in def get_y()
    xs = [1] # the vertical position is fixed on x-axis
    ys = [h, h]

    # initialization function: plot the background of each frame
    def init():
        line.set_data([], [])
        return line,

    # animation function.  This is called sequentially
    def animate(y):
        ys[-1] = y
        line.set_data(xs, ys)
        return line,

    def get_y():
        for step in range(Tc):
            t = step / 100.0
            y = -0.5*g*t**2 + h  # the equation of diver's displacement on y axis
        yield y

    # call the animator.  blit=True means only re-draw the parts that have changed.
    anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=get_y, interval=100)

    plt.show()
Plongeon()

根据原始问题回答 您需要使用生成器生成y数据。这项工作：

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation

# First set up the figure, the axis, and the plot element we want to animate
fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(xlim=(0, 2), ylim=(-2, 2))
line, = ax.plot([], [], ' o', lw=2)
g = 9.81
h = 2
tc = 200
xs = [1] # the vertical position is fixed on x-axis
ys = [h, h]


# animation function.  This is called sequentially
def animate(y):
    ys[-1] = y
    line.set_data(xs, ys)
    return line,

def get_y():
  for step in range(tc):
    t = step / 100.0
    y = -0.5*g*t**2 + h  # the equation of diver's displacement on y axis
    yield y

# call the animator.  blit=True means only re-draw the parts that have changed.
anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=get_y, interval=100)

plt.show()

综合答案 这应该起作用：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from math import *
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation


def Plongeon():
    h = float(input("height = "))
    g = 9.81

    #calculate air time, Tc
    Tc = sqrt(2 * h / g)

    # First set up the figure, the axis, and the plot element we want to animate
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = plt.axes(xlim=(0, 2), ylim=(-2, h+1))  #ymax : initial height+1
    line, = ax.plot([], [], ' o', lw=2)

    step = 0.01  # animation step
    xs = [1]  # the vertical position is fixed on x-axis
    ys = [h]


    # animation function.  This is called sequentially
    def animate(y):
        ys[-1] = y
        line.set_data(xs, ys)
        return line,

    def get_y():
        t = 0
        while t <= Tc:
            y = -0.5 * g * t**2 + h  # the equation of diver's displacement on y axis
            yield y
            t += step

    # call the animator.  blit=True means only re-draw the parts that have changed.
    anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames=get_y, interval=100)

    plt.show()
Plongeon()

---

你需要增加你的时间。

非常感谢你，但是我的程序不起作用，我想可能有一部分我没有使用正确的符号。我在问题下方发布了我的完整程序，希望你能澄清我的疑问。再次感谢你，我是一个初学者，所以有时我看不到程序中的简单错误，我很高兴你指出了这一点。顺便说一下，我将Tc转换为一个整数，这样它就可以在循环中运行。ys=[1e10，h]是什么意思。图表无法运行，我只替换为ys=[h]，我甚至尝试了您最初的建议ys=[h，h]。它也不能运行。我不知道如何识别错误。更改为

ys=[h]

。这是一次实验的残留物。顺便说一句，如果它解决了你的问题，你可以给出一个答案。无需将

Tc

转换为整数。我们使用while循环，用

t+=step

计算当前时间，直到到达

Tc

。您好，您的第一个程序可以运行，但第二个程序无法运行。我一直在与我的合作伙伴一起尝试，但没有成功，请您帮忙好吗？“def init（）”的作用是什么？

def get_y():
     t = 0
     while t <= Tc:
         y = -0.5 * g * t**2 + h 
         yield y
         t += step