Python Django-运行测试时，必须使用对象pk或slug调用通用详细视图

我已经搜索了关于同一错误消息的其他问题，但它似乎对我有用（我使用的是Django 2 btw）

我的路径：

path('<slug:slug>', views.BookDetailView.as_view(), name='book-detail'),

尽管如此，它在运行测试时仍会抛出错误消息（通常通过浏览器请求视图时会起作用）

以下是适当的测试功能（使用RequestFactory和mixer）

以下是回溯：

_______________________ TestBookDetailView.test_access ________________________

self = <books.tests.test_books_views.TestBookDetailView object at 0x000001C8E3577240>

    def test_access(self):
        mixer.blend('books.Book', name='The Book')
        req = RequestFactory().get('/books/the_book')
        req.user = mixer.blend(User)
>       resp = BookDetailView.as_view()(req)

books\tests\test_books_views.py:29:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py:69: in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py:62: in _wrapper
    return bound_func(*args, **kwargs)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\decorators.py:21: in _wrapped_view
    return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py:58: in bound_func
    return func.__get__(self, type(self))(*args2, **kwargs2)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py:89: in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\detail.py:105: in get
    self.object = self.get_object()
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <books.views.BookDetailView object at 0x000001C8E357CD68>
queryset = <QuerySet [<Book: Book object (1)>]>

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        """
            Return the object the view is displaying.

            Require `self.queryset` and a `pk` or `slug` argument in the URLconf.
            Subclasses can override this to return any object.
            """
        # Use a custom queryset if provided; this is required for subclasses
        # like DateDetailView
        if queryset is None:
            queryset = self.get_queryset()

        # Next, try looking up by primary key.
        pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg)
        slug = self.kwargs.get(self.slug_url_kwarg)
        if pk is not None:
            queryset = queryset.filter(pk=pk)

        # Next, try looking up by slug.
        if slug is not None and (pk is None or self.query_pk_and_slug):
            slug_field = self.get_slug_field()
            queryset = queryset.filter(**{slug_field: slug})

        # If none of those are defined, it's an error.
        if pk is None and slug is None:
            raise AttributeError("Generic detail view %s must be called with "
                                 "either an object pk or a slug."
>                                % self.__class__.__name__)
E           AttributeError: Generic detail view BookDetailView must be called with either an object pk or a slug.

..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\detail.py:47: AttributeError

\uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu________________________
自我=
def测试_访问（自）：
mixer.blend（'books.Book'，name='The Book'）
req=RequestFactory（）.get（'/books/the_book'）
req.user=混合器混合（用户）
>resp=BookDetailView.as_view（）（req）
books\tests\test\u books\u views.py:29：
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site packages\django\views\generic\base.py:69:视图中
返回自调度（请求，*args，**kwargs）
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site packages\django\utils\decorators.py:62:in\u包装
返回边界函数（*args，**kwargs）
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site packages\django\contrib\auth\decorators.py:21:在包装视图中
返回视图功能（请求，*args，**kwargs）
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site packages\django\utils\decorators.py:58:in-bound\u func
返回函数获取（self，键入（self））（*args2，**kwargs2）
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site packages\django\views\generic\base.py:89:处于分派中
返回处理程序（请求、*args、**kwargs）
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site packages\django\views\generic\detail.py:105:in get
self.object=self.get_object（）
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
自我=
查询集=
def get_对象（self，queryset=None）：
"""
返回视图显示的对象。
在URLconf中需要'self.queryset'和'pk'或'slug'参数。
子类可以重写此项以返回任何对象。
"""
#使用自定义查询集（如果提供）；这是子类所必需的
#比如DateDetailView
如果queryset为无：
queryset=self.get_queryset（）
#接下来，尝试按主键查找。
pk=self.kwargs.get（self.pk\u url\u kwarg）
slug=self.kwargs.get（self.slug\u url\u kwarg）
如果pk不是None：
queryset=queryset.filter（pk=pk）
#下一步，试着用slug向上看。
如果slug不是None和（pk是None或self.query\u pk\u和\u slug）：
slug\u field=self.get\u slug\u field（）
queryset=queryset.filter（**{slug\u字段：slug}）
#如果这些都没有定义，那就是一个错误。
如果pk为无，slug为无：
raise AttributeError（“必须使用调用通用详细信息视图%s）”
“对象pk或slug。”
>%self.\uuuuuu类\uuuuuuu名\uuuuuuu）
E AttributeError:必须使用对象主键或slug调用常规详细视图BookDetailView。
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site packages\django\views\generic\detail.py:47:AttributeError

我做错了什么

---

提前感谢

您需要在测试中明确地通过URL参数

resp = BookDetailView.as_view()(req, slug="the_book"))

或者使用内置测试客户机，而不是到处乱搞请求工厂：

self.client.force_login(user)
resp = self.client.get("/books/the_book")

---

您不需要

slug\u url\u kwarg

属性，因为“slug”是默认值。但这两种方法都应该奏效；你能发布完整的回溯吗？对不起，这个问题实际上只在运行我的测试时出现（因此，我猜测试函数中有错误）。通过浏览器访问时，它工作正常。我更新了问题，包括测试和回溯。

_______________________ TestBookDetailView.test_access ________________________

self = <books.tests.test_books_views.TestBookDetailView object at 0x000001C8E3577240>

    def test_access(self):
        mixer.blend('books.Book', name='The Book')
        req = RequestFactory().get('/books/the_book')
        req.user = mixer.blend(User)
>       resp = BookDetailView.as_view()(req)

books\tests\test_books_views.py:29:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py:69: in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py:62: in _wrapper
    return bound_func(*args, **kwargs)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\decorators.py:21: in _wrapped_view
    return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\utils\decorators.py:58: in bound_func
    return func.__get__(self, type(self))(*args2, **kwargs2)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py:89: in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\detail.py:105: in get
    self.object = self.get_object()
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

self = <books.views.BookDetailView object at 0x000001C8E357CD68>
queryset = <QuerySet [<Book: Book object (1)>]>

    def get_object(self, queryset=None):
        """
            Return the object the view is displaying.

            Require `self.queryset` and a `pk` or `slug` argument in the URLconf.
            Subclasses can override this to return any object.
            """
        # Use a custom queryset if provided; this is required for subclasses
        # like DateDetailView
        if queryset is None:
            queryset = self.get_queryset()

        # Next, try looking up by primary key.
        pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg)
        slug = self.kwargs.get(self.slug_url_kwarg)
        if pk is not None:
            queryset = queryset.filter(pk=pk)

        # Next, try looking up by slug.
        if slug is not None and (pk is None or self.query_pk_and_slug):
            slug_field = self.get_slug_field()
            queryset = queryset.filter(**{slug_field: slug})

        # If none of those are defined, it's an error.
        if pk is None and slug is None:
            raise AttributeError("Generic detail view %s must be called with "
                                 "either an object pk or a slug."
>                                % self.__class__.__name__)
E           AttributeError: Generic detail view BookDetailView must be called with either an object pk or a slug.

..\..\envs\booknote\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\detail.py:47: AttributeError

resp = BookDetailView.as_view()(req, slug="the_book"))

self.client.force_login(user)
resp = self.client.get("/books/the_book")