使用Python2.7.3的自动背景变换器不工作，尽管它应该
一般来说，我对Ubuntu/Python/Bash/Gnome很陌生，所以我仍然觉得我有可能做错了什么，但是已经三天没有成功了 下面是脚本应该执行的操作：使用Python2.7.3的自动背景变换器不工作，尽管它应该,python,bash,ubuntu,python-2.7,gnome,Python,Bash,Ubuntu,Python 2.7,Gnome,一般来说，我对Ubuntu/Python/Bash/Gnome很陌生，所以我仍然觉得我有可能做错了什么，但是已经三天没有成功了 下面是脚本应该执行的操作： * [✓] 从wallbase.cc下载1张随机图像 * [✓] 将其保存到脚本运行所在的目录中 *[x]将其设置为壁纸 有两次尝试使用两个不同的命令设置墙纸，但在脚本中都不起作用。有一个打印语句（从底部开始的第2行）吐出正确的终端命令，因为我可以C&p打印结果，它工作正常，只是在脚本中执行时不起作用 #!/usr/bin/env pytho
* [✓] 从wallbase.cc下载1张随机图像
* [✓] 将其保存到脚本运行所在的目录中
*[x]将其设置为壁纸 有两次尝试使用两个不同的命令设置墙纸，但在脚本中都不起作用。有一个打印语句（从底部开始的第2行）吐出正确的终端命令，因为我可以C&p打印结果，它工作正常，只是在脚本中执行时不起作用
#!/usr/bin/env python
import urllib2
import os
from gi.repository import Gio
response = urllib2.urlopen("http://wallbase.cc/random/12/eqeq/1366x768/0.000/100/32")
page_source = response.read()
thlink_pos = page_source.find("ico-X")
address_start = (page_source.find("href=\"", thlink_pos) + 6)
address_end = page_source.find("\"", address_start + 1)
response = urllib2.urlopen(page_source[address_start:address_end])
page_source = response.read()
bigwall_pos = page_source.find("bigwall")
address_start = (page_source.find("src=\"", bigwall_pos) + 5)
address_end = page_source.find("\"", address_start + 1)
address = page_source[address_start:address_end]
slash_pos = address.rfind("/") + 1
pic_name = address[slash_pos:]
bashCommand = "wget " + page_source[address_start:address_end]
os.system(bashCommand)
print "Does my new image exists?", os.path.exists(os.getcwd() + "/" + pic_name)
#attempt 1
settings = Gio.Settings.new("org.gnome.desktop.background")
settings.set_string("picture-uri", "file://" + os.getcwd() + "/" + pic_name)
settings.apply()
#attempt 2
bashCommand = "gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file://" + os.getcwd() + "/" + pic_name
print bashCommand
os.system(bashCommand)
settings.apply()
您已成功更改设置，但它们仍然未应用，请尝试下一步：
settings.apply()
！/usr/bin/python
“”“使用来自的随机图像设置桌面背景”http://wallbase.cc
它使用'gi.repository.Gio.Settings'设置背景。
"""
导入功能工具
进口itertools
导入日志记录
导入操作系统
导入posixpath
随机输入
进口稀土
导入系统
导入时间
导入URL库
导入urllib2
导入URL解析
从集合导入namedtuple
从bs4导入BeautifulSoup#$sudo apt获取安装python-bs4
从gi.repository.Gio导入设置#pylint:disable=F0401、E0611
默认\u IMAGE\u DIR=os.path.expanduser（“~/Pictures/backgrounds”）
HTMLPAGE_SIZE_MAX=1尝试实现一个python脚本，该脚本使用PIL库在图像上写入文本，然后使用Gio类更新Gnome背景“图片uri”以指向该图像。python脚本将在两个图像之间乒乓，以始终修改未使用的图像，然后尝试“切换”通过更新设置。这样做是为了避免任何闪烁，因为修改当前背景会直接临时删除它。在shell中直接调用脚本时，我很少看到任何问题，但在cronjob中，它根本不会在pong上更新。我同时使用了sync和apply，并会在尝试切换脚本之前等待几分钟图像。不起作用。尝试使用cron作为用户（su-c“cmd”用户），但也不起作用
当我注意到Gnome将检测到背景文件中的任何更改并进行更新时，我最终放弃了乒乓方法。因此，我放弃了乒乓方法，转而使用shutil库在当前背景上复制一个临时文件。该方法非常有效。不，仍然不起作用。尽管我从未尝试过该命令，但实际上，我在gsettings网站上研究了gsettings.sync（），但没有结果。我还编辑了上面的脚本，将您的命令添加到其中，但这对我来说不起作用。我在两次尝试后都将它放了下来，以防万一。@MALON这很奇怪，这段代码对我来说很好。您使用的Ubuntu和gnome版本是什么？（我使用的是Ubuntu 12.04）。另一件事，请检查您是否为“图片uri”设置了有效值。我实际上使用的是Unity。不确定安装了哪个gnome版本，但我运行的是Ubuntu 12.04 x86。我使用Gsettings，因为它在单独发出命令时起作用。这篇帖子告诉我使用Gsettings（尽管我不是该线程的OP）：12.04也对我有用。[如果你说的“工作”是指培养了第一代神奇宝贝的背景..@RostyslavDzinko我明白了。你们所有人都说它对你有用，但对我没用..但我和你们运行相同的设置。所以我想“除了脚本还有什么不同的？”？然后它点击了。Sudo。我正在Sudo，这可能是在尝试更改用户“root”的背景，而不是我自己。谢谢你的设置。appy（），但这确实很有帮助，因为昨天我尝试不使用Sudo，但也失败了。所以关键是“不要使用Sudo”和“使用设置。应用（）”，非常感谢！
#!/usr/bin/python
"""Set desktop background using random images from http://wallbase.cc
It uses `gi.repository.Gio.Settings` to set the background.
"""
import functools
import itertools
import logging
import os
import posixpath
import random
import re
import sys
import time
import urllib
import urllib2
import urlparse
from collections import namedtuple
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # $ sudo apt-get install python-bs4
from gi.repository.Gio import Settings # pylint: disable=F0401,E0611
DEFAULT_IMAGE_DIR = os.path.expanduser('~/Pictures/backgrounds')
HTMLPAGE_SIZE_MAX = 1 << 20 # bytes
TIMEOUT_MIN = 300 # seconds
TIMEOUT_DELTA = 30 # jitter
# "Anime/Manga", "Wallpapers/General", "High Resolution Images"
CATEGORY_W, CATEGORY_WG, CATEGORY_HR = range(1, 4)
PURITY_SFW, PURITY_SKETCHY, PURITY_NSFW, PURITY_DEFAULT = 4, 2, 1, 0
DAY_IN_SECONDS = 86400
UrlRetreiveResult = namedtuple('UrlRetreiveResult', "path headers")
def set_background(image_path, check_exist=True):
"""Change desktop background to image pointed by `image_path`.
"""
if check_exist: # make sure we can read it (at this time)
with open(image_path, 'rb') as f:
f.read(1)
# prepare uri
path = os.path.abspath(image_path)
if isinstance(path, unicode): # quote() doesn't like unicode
path = path.encode('utf-8')
uri = 'file://' + urllib.quote(path)
# change background
bg_setting = Settings.new('org.gnome.desktop.background')
bg_setting.set_string('picture-uri', uri)
bg_setting.apply()
def url2filename(url):
"""Return basename corresponding to url.
>>> url2filename('http://example.com/path/to/file?opt=1')
'file'
"""
urlpath = urlparse.urlsplit(url).path # pylint: disable=E1103
basename = posixpath.basename(urllib.unquote(urlpath))
if os.path.basename(basename) != basename:
raise ValueError # refuse 'dir%5Cbasename.ext' on Windows
return basename
def download(url, dirpath, extensions=True, filename=None):
"""Download url to dirpath.
Use basename of the url path as a filename.
Create destination directory if necessary.
Use `extensions` to require the file to have an extension or any
of in a given sequence of extensions.
Return (path, headers) on success.
Don't retrieve url if path exists (headers are None in this case).
"""
if not os.path.isdir(dirpath):
os.makedirs(dirpath)
logging.info('created directory %s', dirpath)
# get filename from the url
filename = url2filename(url) if filename is None else filename
if os.path.basename(filename) != filename:
logging.critical('filename must not have path separator in it "%s"',
filename)
return
if extensions:
# require the file to have an extension
root, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
if root and len(ext) > 1:
# require the extension to be in the list
try:
it = iter(extensions)
except TypeError:
pass
else:
if ext not in it:
logging.warn(("file extension is not in the list"
" url=%s"
" extensions=%s"),
url, extensions)
return
else:
logging.warn("file has no extension url=%s", url)
return
# download file
path = os.path.join(dirpath, filename)
logging.info("%s\n%s", url, path)
if os.path.exists(path): # don't retrieve if path exists
logging.info('path exists')
return UrlRetreiveResult(path, None)
try:
return UrlRetreiveResult(*urllib.urlretrieve(url, path,
_print_download_status))
except IOError:
logging.warn('failed to download {url} -> {path}'.format(
url=url, path=path))
def _print_download_status(block_count, block_size, total_size):
logging.debug('%10s bytes of %s', block_count * block_size, total_size)
def min_time_between_calls(min_delay):
"""Enforce minimum time delay between calls."""
def decorator(func):
lastcall = [None] # emulate nonlocal keyword
@functools.wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
if lastcall[0] is not None:
delay = time.time() - lastcall[0]
if delay < min_delay:
_sleep(min_delay - delay)
lastcall[0] = time.time()
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
return decorator
@min_time_between_calls(5)
def _makesoup(url):
try:
logging.info(vars(url) if isinstance(url, urllib2.Request) else url)
page = urllib2.urlopen(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(page.read(HTMLPAGE_SIZE_MAX))
return soup
except (IOError, OSError) as e:
logging.warn('failed to return soup for %s, error: %s',
getattr(url, 'get_full_url', lambda: url)(), e)
class WallbaseImages:
"""Given parameters it provides image urls to download."""
def __init__(self,
categories=None, # default; sequence of CATEGORY_*
resolution_exactly=True, # False means 'at least'
resolution=None, # all; (width, height)
aspect_ratios=None, # all; sequence eg, [(5,4),(16,9)]
purity=PURITY_DEFAULT, # combine with |
thumbs_per_page=None, # default; an integer
):
"""See usage below."""
self.categories = categories
self.resolution_exactly = resolution_exactly
self.resolution = resolution
self.aspect_ratios = aspect_ratios
self.purity = purity
self.thumbs_per_page = thumbs_per_page
def _as_request(self):
"""Create a urllib2.Request() using given parameters."""
# make url
if self.categories is not None:
categories = "".join(str(n) for n in (2, 1, 3)
if n in self.categories)
else: # default
categories = "0"
if self.resolution_exactly:
at_least_or_exactly_resolution = "eqeq"
else:
at_least_or_exactly_resolution = "gteq"
if self.resolution is not None:
resolution = "{width:d}x{height:d}".format(
width=self.resolution[0], height=self.resolution[1])
else:
resolution = "0x0"
if self.aspect_ratios is not None:
aspect_ratios = "+".join("%.2f" % (w / float(h),)
for w, h in self.aspect_ratios)
else: # default
aspect_ratios = "0"
purity = "{0:03b}".format(self.purity)
thumbs = 20 if self.thumbs_per_page is None else self.thumbs_per_page
url = ("http://wallbase.cc/random/"
"{categories}/"
"{at_least_or_exactly_resolution}/{resolution}/"
"{aspect_ratios}/"
"{purity}/{thumbs:d}").format(**locals())
logging.info(url)
# make post data
data = urllib.urlencode(dict(query='', board=categories, nsfw=purity,
res=resolution,
res_opt=at_least_or_exactly_resolution,
aspect=aspect_ratios,
thpp=thumbs))
req = urllib2.Request(url, data)
return req
def __iter__(self):
"""Yield background image urls."""
# find links to bigwall pages
# css-like: #thumbs div[class="thumb"] \
# a[class~="thlink" and href^="http://"]
soup = _makesoup(self._as_request())
if not soup:
logging.warn("can't retrieve the main page")
return
thumbs_soup = soup.find(id="thumbs")
for thumb in thumbs_soup.find_all('div', {'class': "thumb"}):
bigwall_a = thumb.find('a', {'class': "thlink",
'href': re.compile(r"^http://")})
if bigwall_a is None:
logging.warn("can't find thlink link")
continue # try the next thumb
# find image url on the bigwall page
# css-like: #bigwall > img[alt and src^="http://"]
bigwall_soup = _makesoup(bigwall_a['href'])
if bigwall_soup is not None:
bigwall = bigwall_soup.find(id='bigwall')
if bigwall is not None:
img = bigwall.find('img',
src=re.compile(r"(?i)^http://.*\.jpg$"),
alt=True)
if img is not None:
url = img['src']
filename = url2filename(url)
if filename.lower().endswith('.jpg'):
yield url, filename # successfully found image url
else:
logging.warn('suspicious url "%s"', url)
continue
logging.warn("can't parse bigwall page")
def main():
level = logging.INFO
if '-d' in sys.argv:
sys.argv.remove('-d')
level = logging.DEBUG
# configure logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s: %(asctime)s %(message)s',
level=level, datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z')
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
backgrounds_dir = sys.argv[1]
else:
backgrounds_dir = DEFAULT_IMAGE_DIR
# infinite loop: Press Ctrl+C to interrupt it
#NOTE: here's some arbitrary logic: modify for you needs e.g., break
# after the first image found
timeout = TIMEOUT_MIN # seconds
for i in itertools.cycle(xrange(timeout, DAY_IN_SECONDS)):
found = False
try:
for url, filename in WallbaseImages(
categories=[CATEGORY_WG, CATEGORY_HR, CATEGORY_W],
purity=PURITY_SFW,
thumbs_per_page=60):
res = download(url, backgrounds_dir, extensions=('.jpg',),
filename=filename)
if res and res.path:
found = True
set_background(res.path)
# don't hammer the site
timeout = max(TIMEOUT_MIN, i % DAY_IN_SECONDS)
_sleep(random.randint(timeout, timeout + TIMEOUT_DELTA))
except Exception: # pylint: disable=W0703
logging.exception('unexpected error')
_sleep(timeout)
else:
if not found:
logging.error('failed to retrieve any images')
_sleep(timeout)
timeout = (timeout * 2) % DAY_IN_SECONDS
def _sleep(timeout):
"""Add logging to time.sleep() call."""
logging.debug('sleep for %s seconds', timeout)
time.sleep(timeout)
main()