箭头函数不适用于R中的错误条
我真的非常感谢这个论坛中有帮助的社区的帮助，我有一个关于R的小问题，以及在尝试绘制错误条时箭头函数。我选择使用arrows函数来生成错误条，因为它们可以简单地添加到我已经创建的图形中 我已经成功地使用箭头函数不适用于R中的错误条,r,plot,R,Plot,我真的非常感谢这个论坛中有帮助的社区的帮助，我有一个关于R的小问题，以及在尝试绘制错误条时箭头函数。我选择使用arrows函数来生成错误条，因为它们可以简单地添加到我已经创建的图形中 我已经成功地使用plot（） 在表中，siting.time和exercise.time是我的y值，X是X值，se.sit.time和se.ex.time是标准错误 我已成功使用以下命令生成两个绘图（包括图例）： plot(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$sitting.time, xli
plot（）siting.timeexercise.timeXse.sit.timese.ex.timeplot(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$sitting.time,
xlim=c(1,12),ylim=c(0,600),
xaxt="n", yaxt="n",xlab="Week",
ylab="Time (minutes)", type="p",col="red")
axis(side=1,at=c(1:12))
axis(side=2,at=seq(0,600,by=50))
lines(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$sitting.time,
xlab="Week", ylab="Time", col="red")
par(new=TRUE)
plot(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$exercise.time,
xlab='', ylab='', axes=FALSE, col="blue")
lines(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$exercise.time,
xlab='', ylab='', col="blue")
legend("bottom",inset=c(-0.3,0),
legend=c("Sitting Time", "Exercise Time"),
col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8)
箭头（）在遵循@rbatt的解决方案后，我得到了如下用于错误图的图形： 我使用了以下代码：
p1.ylim <- range(c(weekly.times$sitting.time, sitCI.down, sitCI.up))
p1.xlim <- range(weekly.times$X)
par(mar=c(4,4,0.5,4))
plot(weekly.times$X, weekly.times$sitting.time, xlim=p1.xlim, ylim=p1.ylim, ylab="Sitting Time (minutes)", xlab="Week", type="o",col="red", xaxt="n", yaxt="n")
axis(side=1,at=weekly.times$X)
axis(side=2,at=seq(p1.ylim[1],p1.ylim[2],by=50))
red2 <- adjustcolor("red", alpha.f=0.25)
arrows(weekly.times$X, sitCI.down, weekly.times$X, sitCI.up, length=0.05, angle=90, code=3, col=red2)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$exercise.time, xlab='', ylab='', axes=FALSE, col="blue", type="o")
axis(side=4)
blue2 <- adjustcolor("blue", alpha.f=0.25)
arrows(weekly.times$X, exCI.down, weekly.times$X, exCI.up, length=0.05, angle=90, code=3, col=blue2)
mtext("Exercise Time (minutes)", side=4, line=3)
legend("bottom",inset=c(-0.3,0), legend=c("Sitting Time", "Exercise Time"), col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8)
谢谢。您有两个主要问题。首先，您为
arrows（）的x0
和x1
参数提供了一个y轴变量weekly.times$siting.time
；我已将其更改为每周。乘以$X，这是一周，在X轴上。第二，您尝试在调用par（new=TRUE）和添加锻炼时间后添加箭头，锻炼时间的范围在~60到~100之间，并且由于未设置ylim
，并且箭头在500-600范围内，因此它们会在远离绘图的地方创建（即使第一个问题已经解决）
下面是对原始代码进行最小更改以生成合适图形的代码。请注意，您没有提供对象sitCI.down
和sitCI.up
的数据，所以我只做了坐姿时间的±10%。另外，我首先将dput（）
的输出包含在一个data.frame上，该data.frame是我从您的问题中手动复制的；将来，如果您在数据上使用dput（）
，并将输出复制到问题中，则可以更轻松地再现结果
使用dput的输出创建数据集
weekly.times在您的数据上使用dput（）
，这样我们就可以重新创建您现在看到的图表。我刚刚添加了图像的链接-抱歉，我还没有足够的信誉点来嵌入它们。我刚刚嵌入了它们，它们将在编辑后显示谢谢，C8H10N4O2:）@rbatt Hi。虽然您的解决方案非常完美，但我遇到了一个新数据和绘制错误条的问题，这可能与新轴有关。我已经玩弄了这些代码，但没有用。任何帮助都将不胜感激。这是完美的，非常感谢您清晰的演练！Hi@rbatt我有了新的数据，这些数据现在不再适用于解决方案-我的错误条在第二张图中不再显示。我意识到这与我的y轴范围有关，但在尝试了我能想到的所有解决方案后，我无法得到显示的误差条。我在原来的问题下面加了我的问题。任何帮助都将不胜感激！谢谢
arrows(weekly.times$sitting.time, sitCI.down,
weekly.times$sitting.time, sitCI.up, length=0.05, angle=90, code=3)
p1.ylim <- range(c(weekly.times$sitting.time, sitCI.down, sitCI.up))
p1.xlim <- range(weekly.times$X)
par(mar=c(4,4,0.5,4))
plot(weekly.times$X, weekly.times$sitting.time, xlim=p1.xlim, ylim=p1.ylim, ylab="Sitting Time (minutes)", xlab="Week", type="o",col="red", xaxt="n", yaxt="n")
axis(side=1,at=weekly.times$X)
axis(side=2,at=seq(p1.ylim[1],p1.ylim[2],by=50))
red2 <- adjustcolor("red", alpha.f=0.25)
arrows(weekly.times$X, sitCI.down, weekly.times$X, sitCI.up, length=0.05, angle=90, code=3, col=red2)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$exercise.time, xlab='', ylab='', axes=FALSE, col="blue", type="o")
axis(side=4)
blue2 <- adjustcolor("blue", alpha.f=0.25)
arrows(weekly.times$X, exCI.down, weekly.times$X, exCI.up, length=0.05, angle=90, code=3, col=blue2)
mtext("Exercise Time (minutes)", side=4, line=3)
legend("bottom",inset=c(-0.3,0), legend=c("Sitting Time", "Exercise Time"), col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8)
week sitting.time exercise.time se.sit.time se.ex.time
1 1 3643.087 471.5833 349.5165 98.06667
2 2 3516.478 472.7917 337.8359 99.83149
3 3 3373.000 535.6667 344.9220 103.70350
4 4 3480.952 510.2857 352.2140 118.32880
5 5 3235.882 571.3529 345.0725 104.53620
6 6 3359.000 587.1333 349.3253 122.10290
7 7 3246.250 554.1250 358.0210 131.71030
8 8 3173.889 502.7895 326.9745 88.58391
9 9 3438.643 513.0667 354.2999 119.08770
10 10 3581.154 807.7143 323.0524 230.90890
11 11 3661.250 693.7059 357.1707 212.60630
12 12 3297.500 909.0000 589.6690 276.65540
weekly.times <- structure(list(X = c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12),
sitting.time = c(535.7308, 512.88, 500.2727, 504.4762, 487.0588,
487.3333, 462.5294, 458.1111, 471.9333, 517.1333, 526.5625,
484), exercise.time = c(70.08, 65.8, 80.09091, 77.35, 84,
83.53333, 83.52941, 71.78947, 73.66667, 84.92857, 73.9375,
96.22222), se.sit.time = c(45.39388, 50.92198, 47.003, 48.38485,
51.62004, 51.15082, 49.97, 47.30922, 57.13613, 62.34817,
50.25767, 73.67854), se.ex.time = c(13.23958, 13.98714, 13.90255,
17.22151, 14.6212, 17.52736, 17.61185, 12.64716, 16.97271,
18.6145, 17.6799, 23.97266)), .Names = c("X", "sitting.time",
"exercise.time", "se.sit.time", "se.ex.time"), row.names = c(NA,
-12L), class = "data.frame")
plot(weekly.times$X, weekly.times$sitting.time, xlim=c(1,12), ylim=c(0,600), ylab="Time (minutes)", type="p",col="red")
axis(side=1,at=c(1:12))
axis(side=2,at=seq(0,600,by=50))
lines(weekly.times$X, weekly.times$sitting.time, xlab="Week", ylab="Time", col="red")
sitCI.down <- weekly.times$sitting.time + c(-0.1)*weekly.times$sitting.time
sitCI.up <- weekly.times$sitting.time + c(0.1)*weekly.times$sitting.time
arrows(weekly.times$X, sitCI.down, weekly.times$X, sitCI.up, length=0.05, angle=90, code=3)
par(new=TRUE)
plot(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$exercise.time, xlab='', ylab='', axes=FALSE, col="blue")
lines(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$exercise.time, xlab='', ylab='', col="blue")
legend("bottom",inset=c(-0.3,0), legend=c("Sitting Time", "Exercise Time"), col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8)
# Calculate CI's first to account for them in ylim of plot
sitCI.down <- weekly.times$sitting.time + c(-0.1)*weekly.times$sitting.time
sitCI.up <- weekly.times$sitting.time + c(0.1)*weekly.times$sitting.time
# I very frequently follow this idiom for making sure the ylims are set properly
# It is better to define ylims programmatically than by using magic numbers like c(0,600)
p1.ylim <- range(c(weekly.times$sitting.time, sitCI.down, sitCI.up))
p1.xlim <- range(weekly.times$X) # same idea for xlim, but simpler case
# When creating your plot, you can set type="o" do draw the points and the lines at the same time
# Also, if you're going to create the axes with axis(), you can also not draw them in the plot
# Turn axes off using xaxt="n" and yaxt="n"
# Finally, if you are going to use par(new=TRUE), you are creating an
# independent y-axis, and you should leave room in the right margin to draw it
par(mar=c(4,4,0.5,4))
plot(weekly.times$X, weekly.times$sitting.time, xlim=p1.xlim, ylim=p1.ylim, ylab="Sitting Time (minutes)", xlab="Week", type="o",col="red", xaxt="n", yaxt="n") # I would also change the axis label
# When drawing axes, avoid magic numbers
axis(side=1,at=weekly.times$X)
axis(side=2,at=seq(p1.ylim[1],p1.ylim[2],by=50))
# When drawing the errors, you might want to keep the color of the line
# but maybe make it a bit lighter so it isn't easily confused
# making the error bars fainter makes the figure much easier on the eyes
red2 <- adjustcolor("red", alpha.f=0.25)
arrows(weekly.times$X, sitCI.down, weekly.times$X, sitCI.up, length=0.05, angle=90, code=3, col=red2)
par(new=TRUE)
# again in this plot, just use type="o" to accomplish in 1 line what you're doing in 2
plot(weekly.times$X,weekly.times$exercise.time, xlab='', ylab='', axes=FALSE, col="blue", type="o")
axis(side=4) # add the axis for the blue line
mtext("Exercise Time (minutes)", side=4, line=3)
legend("bottom",inset=c(-0.3,0), legend=c("Sitting Time", "Exercise Time"), col=c("red", "blue"), lty=1:2, cex=0.8)