Ruby on rails 为什么在使用rspec测试ruby和rails中的模型时会出现这些错误？

to

检查匹配器（后面的东西）是否匹配，例如

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe RfidT, type: :model do
   it "is valid without epc,device_mac,first_seen,last_seen,count" do
             obj=RfidT.new(epc:"abc",device_mac:"pqrs",first_seen:10,last_seen:20,count:200)
             expect(obj).to be_valid
 end

 it "is not valid without epc" do
                      obj1=RfidT.new(epc:nil)
                      obj1.valid?
                      #expect(obj1.errors[:epc]).to include("cannot be Blank!")
                      expect(obj1).to_not be_valid

 end

 it"is not valid without device_mac " do
             obj2=RfidT.new(device_mac:nil)
             obj2.valid?
             expect(obj2.errors[:device_mac]).to_not include ("not valid without device_mac!")
 end

 it" duplicate values of epc are not allowed" do
                       RfidT.create(epc:"abc",device_mac:"pqrs",first_seen:10,last_seen:20,count:200)
                       obj3=RfidT.new(epc:"abc",device_mac:"pqrs",first_seen:10,last_seen:20,count:200)
                       obj3.valid?
                       expect(obj3.errors[:epc]).to_not include("duplicate values of epc are not allowed!")

 end
 it "is not valid without first_seen " do
             obj4=RfidT.new(first_seen:nil)
                      obj4.valid?
                      expect(obj4.errors[:first_seen]).not_to include("cannot be Blank!")
 end

  it "is not valid without last_seen " do
             obj5=RfidT.new(last_seen:nil)
                      obj5.valid?
                      expect(obj5.errors[:last_seen]).to_not include("cannot be Blank!")
 end
end

检查

obj.valid？

是否真实。如果不是，示例将被标记为失败

to_not

则相反：它检查匹配器是否匹配。在上面的示例中，如果

obj.valid？

是真的，它会将示例标记为失败

除非您的代码引发异常，否则

to

或

to_not

中的一个将通过，因为它们是对立的

---

您的rspec输出告诉您，您的验证没有强制执行您希望它们执行的约束

有没有一种方法以失败告终？由rSpec支持。你应该可以将include改为“to_include”，它应该可以工作。当我将include改为to_include时，它会给我命名错误。我使用to和to_有什么区别？我很困惑。你不清楚

的哪个部分希望[“不能为空”]包含“不能为空！”

的确切内容？实际上，我是ROR的初学者，我不明白为什么expect（obj）。include（msg）表示失败，expect（obj）表示不包含（msg）？我应该提到这个模型的.rb文件吗？我应该如何让它们运行？我应该如何通过所有测试？

require 'rails_helper'

RSpec.describe RfidT, type: :model do
   it "is valid without epc,device_mac,first_seen,last_seen,count" do
             obj=RfidT.new(epc:"abc",device_mac:"pqrs",first_seen:10,last_seen:20,count:200)
             expect(obj).to be_valid
 end

 it "is not valid without epc" do
                      obj1=RfidT.new(epc:nil)
                      obj1.valid?
                      #expect(obj1.errors[:epc]).to include("cannot be Blank!")
                      expect(obj1).to_not be_valid

 end

 it"is not valid without device_mac " do
             obj2=RfidT.new(device_mac:nil)
             obj2.valid?
             expect(obj2.errors[:device_mac]).to_not include ("not valid without device_mac!")
 end

 it" duplicate values of epc are not allowed" do
                       RfidT.create(epc:"abc",device_mac:"pqrs",first_seen:10,last_seen:20,count:200)
                       obj3=RfidT.new(epc:"abc",device_mac:"pqrs",first_seen:10,last_seen:20,count:200)
                       obj3.valid?
                       expect(obj3.errors[:epc]).to_not include("duplicate values of epc are not allowed!")

 end
 it "is not valid without first_seen " do
             obj4=RfidT.new(first_seen:nil)
                      obj4.valid?
                      expect(obj4.errors[:first_seen]).not_to include("cannot be Blank!")
 end

  it "is not valid without last_seen " do
             obj5=RfidT.new(last_seen:nil)
                      obj5.valid?
                      expect(obj5.errors[:last_seen]).to_not include("cannot be Blank!")
 end
end

expect(obj).to be_valid