在C++；Win32，如何防止窗口闪烁？ P> >为了我自己的娱乐，我用Win32创建了一个C++的3D图形程序，不使用任何浮点数字。由于某些原因，窗口在更新时有时会闪烁。我相信这是由于之前在窗口中显示的内容被删除后，以及下一步将绘制的内容被绘制之前，窗口更新导致的。我已经找到了一些网页和问题，这些问题的答案似乎是同一个问题，只是解决方案不起作用
一些例子{ 不要使用CS|HREDRAW | CS|VREDRAW。（无明显效果） 对于窗口消息“WM_ERASEBKGND”，返回1。（我需要擦除以前绘制的内容。这通过防止闪烁被擦除来停止闪烁。） 在WM_PAINT的情况下，不要擦除，而是绘制一个矩形。（这使情况变得更糟） } 我如何真正防止窗口闪烁在C++；Win32，如何防止窗口闪烁？ P> >为了我自己的娱乐，我用Win32创建了一个C++的3D图形程序，不使用任何浮点数字。由于某些原因，窗口在更新时有时会闪烁。我相信这是由于之前在窗口中显示的内容被删除后，以及下一步将绘制的内容被绘制之前，窗口更新导致的。我已经找到了一些网页和问题，这些问题的答案似乎是同一个问题，只是解决方案不起作用,c++,windows,C++,Windows,一些例子{ 不要使用CS|HREDRAW | CS|VREDRAW。（无明显效果） 对于窗口消息“WM_ERASEBKGND”，返回1。（我需要擦除以前绘制的内容。这通过防止闪烁被擦除来停止闪烁。） 在WM_PAINT的情况下，不要擦除，而是绘制一个矩形。（这使情况变得更糟） } 我如何真正防止窗口闪烁 // compile with: /D_UNICODE /DUNICODE /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /c #include <windows.h> #include &
// compile with: /D_UNICODE /DUNICODE /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /c
#include <windows.h>
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <tchar.h>
boolean Draw;
//Trigonometry tables in increments of 1/256 of a rotation and multiplied by 65536
const int Total=3,Sine[256]={0,1608,3216,4821,6424,8022,9616,11204,12785,14359,15924,17479,19024,20557,22078,23586,25080,26558,28020,29466,30893,32303,33692,35062,36410,37736,39040,40320,41576,42806,44011,45190,46341,47464,48559,49624,50660,51665,52639,53581,54491,55368,56212,57022,57798,58538,59244,59914,60547,61145,61705,62228,62714,63162,63572,63944,64277,64571,64827,65043,65220,65358,65457,65516,65536,65516,65457,65358,65220,65043,64827,64571,64277,63944,63572,63132,62714,62228,61705,61145,60547,59914,59244,58538,57798,57022,56212,55368,54491,53581,52639,51665,50660,49624,48559,47464,46341,45190,44011,42806,41576,40320,39040,37736,36410,35062,33692,32303,30893,29466,28020,26558,25080,23586,22078,20557,19024,17479,15924,14359,12785,11204,9616,8022,6424,4821,3216,1608,0,-1608,-3216,-4821,-6424,-8022,-9616,-11204,-12785,-14359,-15924,-17479,-19024,-20557,-22078,-23586,-25080,-26558,-28020,-29466,-30893,-32303,-33692,-35062,-36410,-37736,-39040,-40320,-41576,-42806,-44011,-45190,-46341,-47464,-48559,-49624,-50660,-51665,-52639,-53581,-54491,-55368,-56212,-57022,-57798,-58538,-59244,-59914,-60547,-61145,-61705,-62228,-62714,-63162,-63572,-63944,-64277,-64571,-64827,-65043,-65220,-65358,-65457,-65516,-65536,-65516,-65457,-65358,-65220,-65043,-64827,-64571,-64277,-63944,-63572,-63162,-62714,-62228,-61705,-61145,-60547,-59914,-59244,-58538,-57798,-57022,-56212,-55368,-54491,-53581,-52639,-51665,-50660,-49624,-48559,-47464,-46341,-45190,-44011,-42806,-41576,-40320,-39040,-37736,-36410,-35062,-33692,-32303,-30893,-29466,-28020,-26558,-25080,-23586,-22078,-20557,-19024,-17479,-15924,-14359,-12785,-11204,-9616,-8022,-6424,-4821,-3216,-1608},Cosine[256]={65536,65516,65457,65358,65220,65043,64827,64571,64277,63944,63572,63132,62714,62228,61705,61145,60547,59914,59244,58538,57798,57022,56212,55368,54491,53581,52639,51665,50660,49624,48559,47464,46341,45190,44011,42806,41576,40320,39040,37736,36410,35062,33692,32303,30893,29466,28020,26558,25080,23586,22078,20557,19024,17479,15924,14359,12785,11204,9616,8022,6424,4821,3216,1608,0,-1608,-3216,-4821,-6424,-8022,-9616,-11204,-12785,-14359,-15924,-17479,-19024,-20557,-22078,-23586,-25080,-26558,-28020,-29466,-30893,-32303,-33692,-35062,-36410,-37736,-39040,-40320,-41576,-42806,-44011,-45190,-46341,-47464,-48559,-49624,-50660,-51665,-52639,-53581,-54491,-55368,-56212,-57022,-57798,-58538,-59244,-59914,-60547,-61145,-61705,-62228,-62714,-63162,-63572,-63944,-64277,-64571,-64827,-65043,-65220,-65358,-65457,-65516,-65536,-65516,-65457,-65358,-65220,-65043,-64827,-64571,-64277,-63944,-63572,-63162,-62714,-62228,-61705,-61145,-60547,-59914,-59244,-58538,-57798,-57022,-56212,-55368,-54491,-53581,-52639,-51665,-50660,-49624,-48559,-47464,-46341,-45190,-44011,-42806,-41576,-40320,-39040,-37736,-36410,-35062,-33692,-32303,-30893,-29466,-28020,-26558,-25080,-23586,-22078,-20557,-19024,-17479,-15924,-14359,-12785,-11204,-9616,-8022,-6424,-4821,-3216,-1608,0,1608,3216,4821,6424,8022,9616,11204,12785,14359,15924,17479,19024,20557,22078,23586,25080,26558,28020,29466,30893,32303,33692,35062,36410,37736,39040,40320,41576,42806,44011,45190,46341,47464,48559,49624,50660,51665,52639,53581,54491,55368,56212,57022,57798,58538,59244,59914,60547,61145,61705,62228,62714,63162,63572,63944,64277,64571,64827,65043,65220,65358,65457,65516};
int HorizontalAxis,VerticalAxis,SemiHorizontalAxis,SemiVerticalAxis,Speed=1,Phi=64,Theta,VelX,VelY,VelZ,SinTheta,CosTheta=65536,SinPhi,CosPhi=-65536,RegX,RegY,RegZ,Quadrilaterals[3][6]={{0,1,2,3,1,0},{0,3,4,5,0,1},{6,7,8,9,1,2}};
LONG64 AxAv,X,Y,Z,XCoordinates[10]={-5,-5,5,5,5,-5,60,60,120,120},YCoordinates[10]={-5,5,5,-5,-5,-5,80,140,140,80},ZCoordinates[10]={10,10,10,10,30,30,100,100,200,200},q$,w$,e$,r$,t$,y$,u$,i$;
POINT Points[3][4]={{{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0}}};
RECT WindowRect;
const HPEN Pens[2]={CreatePen(PS_NULL,0,0),CreatePen(PS_SOLID,1,RGB(0,0,0))};
const HBRUSH Brushes[3]={CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0,0,0)),CreateSolidBrush(RGB(128,128,128)),CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255,255,255))};
HINSTANCE hInst;
HWND hWnd;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd,UINT message,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam){
switch(message){
case WM_KEYDOWN:
if(GetAsyncKeyState(16)){Speed=1+3*Speed/2;}
if(GetAsyncKeyState(17)){
Speed=2*Speed/3-1;
if(Speed<1){Speed=1;}
}if(GetAsyncKeyState(82)){
X=0;Y=0;Z=0;Theta=0;Phi=0;RegX=0;RegY=0;RegZ=0;
SinTheta=0;CosTheta=65536;SinPhi=0;CosPhi=65536;
}return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
GetWindowRect(hWnd,&WindowRect);
HorizontalAxis=WindowRect.right-WindowRect.left;
SemiHorizontalAxis=HorizontalAxis/2;
VerticalAxis=WindowRect.bottom-WindowRect.top-100;
SemiVerticalAxis=VerticalAxis/2;
AxAv=(HorizontalAxis+VerticalAxis)/2;
return 0;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc=BeginPaint(hWnd,&ps);
if(GetAsyncKeyState(83)){
if(Phi>0){
Phi--;
SinPhi=Cosine[Phi];CosPhi=-Sine[Phi];
}
}if(GetAsyncKeyState(87)){
if(Phi<128){
Phi++;
SinPhi=Cosine[Phi];CosPhi=-Sine[Phi];
}
}if(GetAsyncKeyState(65)){
Theta--;
if(Theta<0){Theta=255;}
SinTheta=Sine[Theta];CosTheta=Cosine[Theta];
}if(GetAsyncKeyState(68)){
Theta++;
if(Theta>255){Theta=0;}
SinTheta=Sine[Theta];CosTheta=Cosine[Theta];
}if(GetAsyncKeyState(39)){VelZ=-SinTheta*Speed;VelX=-CosTheta*Speed;}
if(GetAsyncKeyState(38)){VelZ+=CosTheta*Speed;VelX-=SinTheta*Speed;}
if(GetAsyncKeyState(37)){VelZ+=SinTheta*Speed;VelX+=CosTheta*Speed;}
if(GetAsyncKeyState(40)){VelZ-=CosTheta*Speed;VelX+=SinTheta*Speed;}
if(GetAsyncKeyState(81)){VelY=65536*Speed;}
if(GetAsyncKeyState(69)){VelY=-65536*Speed;}
RegX+=VelX;RegY+=VelY;RegZ+=VelZ;
X+=RegX/65536;Y+=RegY/65536;Z+=RegZ/65536;
RegX%=65536;RegY%=65536;RegZ%=65536;
VelX=0;VelY=0;VelZ=0;
q$=0;
while(q$<Total){
Draw=false;
w$=Quadrilaterals[q$][0];
e$=65536*(XCoordinates[w$]-X);
r$=65536*(YCoordinates[w$]-Y);
t$=65536*(ZCoordinates[w$]-Z);
y$=(CosTheta*e$+SinTheta*t$)/65536;
e$=(CosTheta*t$-SinTheta*e$)/65536;
u$=(CosPhi*r$+SinPhi*e$)/65536;
i$=(CosPhi*e$-SinPhi*r$)/65536;
if(i$<0){
Draw=true;
Points[q$][0].x=SemiHorizontalAxis+AxAv*y$/i$;
Points[q$][0].y=SemiVerticalAxis+AxAv*u$/i$;
}w$=Quadrilaterals[q$][1];
e$=65536*(XCoordinates[w$]-X);
r$=65536*(YCoordinates[w$]-Y);
t$=65536*(ZCoordinates[w$]-Z);
y$=(CosTheta*e$+SinTheta*t$)/65536;
e$=(CosTheta*t$-SinTheta*e$)/65536;
u$=(CosPhi*r$+SinPhi*e$)/65536;
i$=(CosPhi*e$-SinPhi*r$)/65536;
if(i$<0){
Draw=true;
Points[q$][1].x=SemiHorizontalAxis+AxAv*y$/i$;
Points[q$][1].y=SemiVerticalAxis+AxAv*u$/i$;
}w$=Quadrilaterals[q$][2];
e$=65536*(XCoordinates[w$]-X);
r$=65536*(YCoordinates[w$]-Y);
t$=65536*(ZCoordinates[w$]-Z);
y$=(CosTheta*e$+SinTheta*t$)/65536;
e$=(CosTheta*t$-SinTheta*e$)/65536;
u$=(CosPhi*r$+SinPhi*e$)/65536;
i$=(CosPhi*e$-SinPhi*r$)/65536;
if(i$<0){
Draw=true;
Points[q$][2].x=SemiHorizontalAxis+AxAv*y$/i$;
Points[q$][2].y=SemiVerticalAxis+AxAv*u$/i$;
}w$=Quadrilaterals[q$][3];
e$=65536*(XCoordinates[w$]-X);
r$=65536*(YCoordinates[w$]-Y);
t$=65536*(ZCoordinates[w$]-Z);
y$=(CosTheta*e$+SinTheta*t$)/65536;
e$=(CosTheta*t$-SinTheta*e$)/65536;
u$=(CosPhi*r$+SinPhi*e$)/65536;
i$=(CosPhi*e$-SinPhi*r$)/65536;
if(i$<0){
Draw=true;
Points[q$][3].x=SemiHorizontalAxis+AxAv*y$/i$;
Points[q$][3].y=SemiVerticalAxis+AxAv*u$/i$;
}if(Draw){
SelectPen(hdc,Pens[Quadrilaterals[q$][4]]);
SelectBrush(hdc,Brushes[Quadrilaterals[q$][5]]);
Polygon(hdc,Points[q$],4);
}q$++;
}EndPaint(hWnd,&ps);
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
default:return DefWindowProc(hWnd,message,wParam,lParam);
}
}
int CALLBACK WinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,_In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,_In_ LPSTR lpCmdLine,_In_ int nCmdShow){
GetWindowRect(GetDesktopWindow(),&WindowRect);
HorizontalAxis=WindowRect.right;
SemiHorizontalAxis=HorizontalAxis/2;
VerticalAxis=WindowRect.bottom-100;
SemiVerticalAxis=VerticalAxis/2;
AxAv=(HorizontalAxis+VerticalAxis)/2;
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcex.cbSize=sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc=WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra=0;
wcex.cbWndExtra=0;
wcex.hInstance=hInstance;
wcex.hIcon=LoadIcon(hInstance,IDI_APPLICATION);
wcex.hCursor=LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wcex.lpszMenuName=NULL;
wcex.lpszClassName=_T("DesktopApp");
wcex.hIconSm=LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance,IDI_APPLICATION);
if(!RegisterClassEx(&wcex)){
MessageBox(NULL,_T("RegisterClassEx failed!"),_T("Something"),NULL);
return 1;
}hInst=hInstance;
hWnd=CreateWindow(_T("DesktopApp"),_T("Something Application"),WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,0,0,HorizontalAxis,VerticalAxis,NULL,NULL,hInstance,NULL);
if(!hWnd){
MessageBox(NULL,_T("CreateWindow failed!"),_T("Something"),NULL);
return 1;
}ShowWindow(hWnd,nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
MSG msg;
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)){
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
Sleep(10);
InvalidateRect(hWnd,NULL,true);
}return(int)msg.wParam;
}
//使用：/D_UNICODE/DUNICODE/DWIN32/D_WINDOWS/c编译
#包括
#包括
#包括
布尔图；
//三角表以1/256的旋转增量乘以65536
常数int总计=3，正弦[256]={0,1608,3216,4821,6424,8022,9616,11204,12785,14359,15924,17479,19024,20557,22078,23586,25080,26558,28020,29466,30893,32303,33692,35062,36410,37736,39040,40320,41576,42806,44011,45190,46341,47464,48559,49624,50660,51665,52639,53581,54491,55368,56212,57022,57798,58538,59244,59914,60547,61145,61705,62228,62714,63162,63572,63944,64277,64571,64827,65043,65220,65358,65457,65516,65536,65516,65457,65358,65220,65043,64827,64571,64277,63944,63572,63132,62714,62228,61705,61145,60547,59914,59244,58538,57798,57022,56212,55368,54491,53581,52639,51665,50660,49624,48559,47464,46341,45190,44011,42806,41576,40320,39040,37736,36410,35062,33692,32303,30893,29466,28020,26558,25080,23586,22078,20557,19024,17479,15924,14359,12785,11204,9616,8022,6424,4821,3216,1608,0,-1608,-3216,-4821,-6424,-8022,-9616,-11204,-12785,-14359,-15924,-17479,-19024,-20557,-22078,-23586,-25080,-26558,-28020,-29466,-30893,-32303,-33692,-35062,-36410,-37736,-39040,-40320,-41576,-42806,-44011,-45190,-46341,-47464,-48559,-49624,-50660,-51665,-52639,-53581,-54491,-55368,-56212,-57022,-57798,-58538,-59244,-59914,-60547,-61145,-61705,-62228,-62714,-63162,-63572,-63944,-64277,-64571,-64827,-65043,-65220,-65358,-65457,-65516,-65536,-65516,-65457,-65358,-65220,-65043,-64827,-64571,-64277,-63944,-63572,-63162,-62714,-62228,-61705,-61145,-60547,-59914,-59244,-58538,-57798,-57022,-56212,-55368,-54491,-53581,-52639,-51665,-50660,-49624、-48559、-47464、-46341、-45190、-44011、-42806、-41576、-40320、-39040、-37736、-36410、-35062、-33692、-32303、-30893、-29466、-28020、-26558、-25080、-23586、-22078、-20557、-19024、-17479、-15924、-12785、-11204、-9616、-8022、-6424、-4821、-3216、-1608}余弦[256]={65536,65516,65457,65358,65220,65043,64827,64571,64277,63944,63572,63132,62714,62228,61705,61145,60547,59914,59244,58538,57798,57022,56212,55368,54491,53581,52639,51665,50660,49624,48559,47464,46341,45190,44011,42806,41576,40320,39040,37736,36410,35062,33692,32303,30893,29466,28020,26558,25080,23586,22078,20557,19024,17479,15924,14359,12785,11204,9616,8022,6424,4821,3216,1608,0,-1608,-3216,-4821,-6424,-8022,-9616,-11204,-12785,-14359,-15924,-17479,-19024,-20557,-22078,-23586,-25080,-26558,-28020,-29466,-30893,-32303,-33692,-35062,-36410,-37736,-39040,-40320,-41576,-42806,-44011,-45190,-46341,-47464,-48559,-49624,-50660,-51665,-52639,-53581,-54491,-55368,-56212,-57022,-57798,-58538,-59244,-59914,-60547,-61145,-61705,-62228,-62714,-63162,-63572,-63944,-64277,-64571,-64827,-65043,-65220,-65358,-65457,-65516,-65536,-65516,-65457,-65358,-65220,-65043,-64827,-64571,-64277,-63944,-63572,-63162,-62714,-62228,-61705,-61145,-60547,-59914,-59244,-58538,-57798,-57022,-56212,-55368,-54491,-53581,-52639,-51665,-50660,-49624,-48559,-47464,-46341,-45190,-44011,-42806,-41576,-40320,-39040,-37736,-36410,-35062,-33692,-32303,-30893,-29466,-28020,-26558,-25080,-23586,-22078,-20557,-19024,-17479,-15924,-14359,-12785,-11204,-9616,-8022,-6424,-4821,-3216,-1608,0,1608,3216,4821,6424,8022,9616,11204,12785,14359,15924,17479,19024,20557,22078,23586,25080,26558,28020,29466,30893,32303,33692,35062,36410,37736,39040,40320,41576,42806,44011,45190,46341,47464,48559,49624,50660,51665,52639,53581,54491,55368,56212,57022,57798,58538,59244,59914,60547,61145,61705,62228,62714,63162,63572,63944,64277,64571,64827,65043,65220,65358,65457,65516};
水平轴，垂直轴，半水平轴，半垂直轴，速度=1，φ=64，θ，VelX，VelY，VelZ，SinTheta，CosTheta=65536，SinPhi，CosPhi=-65536，RegX，RegY，RegZ，四边形[3][6]={0,1,2,3,1,0}，{0,3,4,5,0,1}，{6,7,8,9,1,2}；
LONG64-AxAv，X，Y，Z，X坐标[10]={-5，-5,5,5,5，-5,60,60120120}，Y坐标[10]={-5,5,5，-5，-5,80140140,80}，Z坐标[10]={10,10,10,10,30,30100100200}，q$，w$，e$，r$，t$，Y$，u$，i$；
点点[3][4]={{{0,0}，{0,0}，{0,0}，{0,0}}；
矩形窗口矩形；
const-HPEN-Pens[2]={CreatePen（PS_-NULL，0,0），CreatePen（PS_-SOLID，1，RGB（0,0,0））}；
consthbrush笔刷[3]={CreateSolidBrush（RGB（0,0,0）），CreateSolidBrush（RGB（128128）），CreateSolidBrush（RGB（255255255））}；
HINSTANCE hInst；
HWND-HWND；
PAINTSTRUCT-ps；
HDC-HDC；
LRESULT回调WndProc（HWND HWND，UINT消息，WPARAM WPARAM，LPARAM LPARAM）{
开关（信息）{
案例WM_键控：
如果（GetAsyncKeyState（16））{Speed=1+3*Speed/2；}
if（GetAsyncKeyState（17））{
速度=2*速度/3-1；
如果（速度0）{
φ--；
正弦=余弦[Phi]；余弦=正弦[Phi]；
}
}if（GetAsyncKeyState（87））{
如果（φ这是大多数（但不是全部）明显闪烁的核心：
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)){
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
Sleep(10);
InvalidateRect(hWnd,NULL,true);
}return(int)msg.wParam;
您正在将Sleep
语句和invalidate
调用放在每个WM_PAINT调用之间，而且放在每个windows消息的后面。这将导致各种问题。此外，您的invalidate架设
正在传递擦除标志的true
。这里有一个改进：<
SetTimer(hWnd, 999, 33, NULL); // 999 is just a random timer id, "33" is the milliseconds to wait between WM_TIMER messages
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}return(int)msg.wParam;
case WM_TIMER:
{
InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, FALSE);
return 0;
}
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
default:return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
case WM_ERASEBKGND:
{
return 1;
}
case WM_PAINT:
// validate that HWND
BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
// fetch the unclipped DC so that subsequent drawing operations don't get boundary checked
hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
...
}if (Draw) {
SelectPen(hdc, Pens[Quadrilaterals[q$][4]]);
SelectBrush(hdc, Brushes[Quadrilaterals[q$][5]]);
Polygon(hdc, Points[q$], 4);
}q$++;
}
ReleaseDC(hWnd, hdc);
hdc = NULL;
return 0;