链接器错误：未定义对“reference_Genome:：seq[abi:cxx11]”的引用 我对C和C++很陌生，所以请你解释一下我应该做些什么。该程序尝试使用多线程从目录中读取文件，并将信息存储在映射中，以便以后使用

我一直在寻找类似的职位。然而，我无法理解

在中，它指出，如果您在涉及std:：u cxx11命名空间或标记[abi:cxx11]中类型的符号的未定义引用方面遇到链接器错误，则可能表示您正在尝试将使用不同值编译的对象文件链接到一起，这些文件是为_GLIBCXX_USE_cxx11_abi宏编译的

add-pthread标志的解决方案也不起作用

我的代码是

#include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <fstream> #include <vector> #include <map> #include <algorithm> #include <random> #include <unistd.h> #include <cmath> #include <stdlib.h> #include <mutex> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <filesystem> #include <string> #include <pthread.h> #define time_str(s) (s < 60 ? (to_string(s) + " second(s)") : (s < 3600 ? (to_string((s) / 60) + " minute(s)") : (to_string((s) / 3600) + " hour(s) and " + to_string(((s) % 3600) / 60) + " minute(s)"))) using namespace std; namespace fs = std::filesystem; struct MyGenom { vector<string> filepaths; map<string, string> seq; }; void check_rv(int rv) { if (rv != 0) { printf("Error: Value is %d\n", rv); exit(1); } } struct Reference_Genome { static long unsigned int idx; static map <string, string> seq; static pthread_mutex_t mtxLock; static vector <string> filepaths; static void writing(string path) { ifstream rsf(path); string line, cur_chr; while (getline(rsf, line)) { if (line.substr(0, 1) == ">") { cur_chr = line.substr(1); seq[cur_chr] = ""; } else seq[cur_chr] += line; } rsf.close(); } static void *distribution(void *var) { string path; while (idx < filepaths.size()) { check_rv(pthread_mutex_lock(&mtxLock)); path = filepaths[idx]; idx++; check_rv(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mtxLock)); writing(path); } return NULL; } Reference_Genome(string dir, unsigned int n_threads) { cout << "Reading the reference genome from \'" << dir << "\'" << endl; for (const auto &entry : fs::directory_iterator(dir)) filepaths.push_back(entry.path()); time_t t1 = time(NULL); idx = 0; // init lock int rv = pthread_mutex_init(&mtxLock, NULL); check_rv(rv); pthread_t workers[n_threads]; int rs; struct MyGenom param; for (unsigned int th = 0; th < n_threads; th++) { rs = pthread_create(&workers[th], NULL, distribution, (void *)((unsigned long)th)); check_rv(rs); } for (unsigned int th = 0; th < n_threads; th++) { rs = pthread_join(workers[th], NULL); check_rv(rs); } pthread_mutex_destroy(&mtxLock); time_t t2 = time(NULL); cout << filepaths.size() << " sequences were read in " << time_str((long) t2 - (long) t1) << ".\n----------------\n"; } }; int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { string dir = "./data/ex_seq"; unsigned int n_threads = 5; Reference_Genome ref(dir, n_threads); cout << "chr6: " << ref.seq["chr6"] << endl; cout << "chr9: " << ref.seq["chr9"] << endl; cout << "chr13: " << ref.seq["chr13"] << endl; } gcc版本是线程模型：posix gcc版本9.3.0 Ubuntu 9.3.0-10ubuntu2

错误是

testSeq.cpp:97: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::seq[abi:cxx11]'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:98: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::seq[abi:cxx11]'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:99: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::seq[abi:cxx11]'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/cctfwVX2.o: in function `Reference_Genome::writing(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >)':
/testSeq.cpp:46: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::seq[abi:cxx11]'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:48: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::seq[abi:cxx11]'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/cctfwVX2.o: in function `Reference_Genome::distribution(void*)':
testSeq.cpp:55: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::filepaths[abi:cxx11]'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:55: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::idx'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:56: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::mtxLock'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:57: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::idx'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:57: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::filepaths[abi:cxx11]'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:58: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::idx'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:58: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::idx'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:59: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::mtxLock'
/usr/bin/ld: /tmp/cctfwVX2.o: in function `Reference_Genome::Reference_Genome(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, unsigned int)':
testSeq.cpp:68: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::filepaths[abi:cxx11]'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:70: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::idx'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:72: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::mtxLock'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:85: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::mtxLock'
/usr/bin/ld: testSeq.cpp:88: undefined reference to `Reference_Genome::filepaths[abi:cxx11]'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

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在类内声明静态变量时，还必须在类外声明一次静态变量。在这种情况下，可以把它放在C++文件的底部或者在main函数和类引用的基因组定义之间：

long unsigned int Reference_Genome::idx;
map <string, string> Reference_Genome::seq;
pthread_mutex_t Reference_Genome::mtxLock;
vector <string> Reference_Genome::filepaths;

---

其思想是，您可以将类定义放在头文件中，包含在多个不同的编译单元中，但静态变量仅在您选择的一个.cpp文件中定义一次。

在类内声明静态变量时，还必须在类外声明一次。在这种情况下，可以把它放在C++文件的底部或者在main函数和类引用的基因组定义之间：

long unsigned int Reference_Genome::idx;
map <string, string> Reference_Genome::seq;
pthread_mutex_t Reference_Genome::mtxLock;
vector <string> Reference_Genome::filepaths;

---

其思想是，您可以将类定义放在头文件中，包含在多个不同的编译单元中，但静态变量只在您选择的一个.cpp文件中定义一次。

谢谢您的即时回复。这就解决了问题。我觉得C++和java相比不是用户友好的，每次编译程序时我会收到一堆编译错误，也许我太弱了。谢谢你的立即回复。这就解决了问题。我觉得C++和java相比不是用户友好的，每次编译程序时，我会得到一组编译错误，也许我太弱了。