C# 单元测试使用模拟的void方法？

我想用Mock测试void方法

 public class ConsoleTargetBuilder : ITargetBuilder
{
    private const string CONSOLE_WITH_STACK_TRACE = "consoleWithStackTrace";
    private const string CONSOLE_WITHOUT_STACK_TRACE = "consoleWithoutStackTrace";
    private LoggerModel _loggerModel;
    private LoggingConfiguration _nLogLoggingConfiguration;

    public ConsoleTargetBuilder(LoggerModel loggerModel, LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration)
    {
        _loggerModel = loggerModel;
        _nLogLoggingConfiguration = nLogLoggingConfiguration;
    }

    public void AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret()
    {
        var consoleTargetWithStackTrace = new ConsoleTarget();
        consoleTargetWithStackTrace.Name = CONSOLE_WITH_STACK_TRACE;
        consoleTargetWithStackTrace.Layout = _loggerModel.layout + "|${stacktrace}";
        _nLogLoggingConfiguration.AddTarget(CONSOLE_WITH_STACK_TRACE, consoleTargetWithStackTrace);

        var consoleTargetWithoutStackTrace = new ConsoleTarget();
        consoleTargetWithoutStackTrace.Name = CONSOLE_WITHOUT_STACK_TRACE;
        consoleTargetWithoutStackTrace.Layout = _loggerModel.layout;
        _nLogLoggingConfiguration.AddTarget(CONSOLE_WITHOUT_STACK_TRACE, consoleTargetWithoutStackTrace);
    }

问题是我不知道如何测试它。我有我的主代码

public class ConsoleTargetBuilderUnitTests
{
    public static IEnumerable<object[]> ConsoleTargetBuilderTestData
    {
        get
        {
            return new[]
            {
                 new object[]
                {
                    new LoggerModel(),
                    new LoggingConfiguration(),
                    2
                }
            };
        }
    }
    [Theory]
    [MemberData("ConsoleTargetBuilderTestData")]
    public void ConsoleTargetBuilder_Should_Add_A_Console_Target(LoggerModel loggerModel, LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration, int expectedConsoleTargetCount)
    {
        // ARRANGE
        var targetBuilderMock = new Mock<ITargetBuilder>();
        targetBuilderMock.Setup(x => x.AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret()).Verifiable();
        // ACT
        var consoleTargetBuilder = new ConsoleTargetBuilder(loggerModel, nLogLoggingConfiguration);
        // ASSERT
        Assert.Equal(expectedConsoleTargetCount, nLogLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets.Count);
    }

公共类控制台GetBuilderUnitTests
{
公共静态IEnumerable控制台GetBuilderTestData
{
收到
{
返回新的[]
{
新对象[]
{
新的LoggerModel（），
新的LoggingConfiguration（），
2.
}
};
}
}
[理论]
[MemberData（“ConsoleTargetBuilderTestData”）]
public void ConsoleTargetBuilder_应该_添加_Console_目标（LoggerModel LoggerModel，LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration，int expectedConsoleTargetCount）
{
//安排
var targetBuilderMock=new Mock（）；
targetBuilderMock.Setup（x=>x.AddNLOGConfiguration类型Tagret（））.Verifiable（）；
//表演
var consoleTargetBuilder=新的consoleTargetBuilder（loggerModel，nLogLoggingConfiguration）；
//断言
相等（expectedConsoleTargetCount、nLogLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets.Count）；
}

---

请引导我到正确的方向。

在我看来，您根本不需要模拟。您正在测试AddNLogConfiguration TypeTagret，而不是构造函数

// Assert
targetBuilderMock.Verify(x => x.AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret(), Times.Once());

[Theory]
[MemberData("ConsoleTargetBuilderTestData")]
public void ConsoleTargetBuilder_Should_Add_A_Console_Target(LoggerModel loggerModel, LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration, int expectedConsoleTargetCount)
{
    // ARRANGE
    var consoleTargetBuilder = new ConsoleTargetBuilder(loggerModel, nLogLoggingConfiguration);
    // ACT
    consoleTargetBuilder.AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret();
    // ASSERT
    Assert.Equal(expectedConsoleTargetCount, nLogLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets.Count);
}

如果您不想自己调用AddNLogConfiguration TypeTagret，则应在构造函数中调用它。这会将测试更改为：

[Theory]
[MemberData("ConsoleTargetBuilderTestData")]
public void ConsoleTargetBuilder_Should_Add_A_Console_Target(LoggerModel loggerModel, LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration, int expectedConsoleTargetCount)
{
    // ARRANGE
    // ACT
    var consoleTargetBuilder = new ConsoleTargetBuilder(loggerModel, nLogLoggingConfiguration);
    // ASSERT
    Assert.Equal(expectedConsoleTargetCount, nLogLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets.Count);
}

然后类构造函数应该是：

public ConsoleTargetBuilder(LoggerModel loggerModel, LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration)
{
    _loggerModel = loggerModel;
    _nLogLoggingConfiguration = nLogLoggingConfiguration;
    AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret();
}

---

在我看来，您根本不需要模拟。您正在测试AddNLogConfiguration TypeTagret，而不是构造函数

[Theory]
[MemberData("ConsoleTargetBuilderTestData")]
public void ConsoleTargetBuilder_Should_Add_A_Console_Target(LoggerModel loggerModel, LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration, int expectedConsoleTargetCount)
{
    // ARRANGE
    var consoleTargetBuilder = new ConsoleTargetBuilder(loggerModel, nLogLoggingConfiguration);
    // ACT
    consoleTargetBuilder.AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret();
    // ASSERT
    Assert.Equal(expectedConsoleTargetCount, nLogLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets.Count);
}

如果您不想自己调用AddNLogConfiguration TypeTagret，则应在构造函数中调用它。这会将测试更改为：

[Theory]
[MemberData("ConsoleTargetBuilderTestData")]
public void ConsoleTargetBuilder_Should_Add_A_Console_Target(LoggerModel loggerModel, LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration, int expectedConsoleTargetCount)
{
    // ARRANGE
    // ACT
    var consoleTargetBuilder = new ConsoleTargetBuilder(loggerModel, nLogLoggingConfiguration);
    // ASSERT
    Assert.Equal(expectedConsoleTargetCount, nLogLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets.Count);
}

然后类构造函数应该是：

public ConsoleTargetBuilder(LoggerModel loggerModel, LoggingConfiguration nLogLoggingConfiguration)
{
    _loggerModel = loggerModel;
    _nLogLoggingConfiguration = nLogLoggingConfiguration;
    AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret();
}

---

一般来说，你不应该模拟你想要测试的类，你应该模拟它的依赖关系。当你开始模拟这个类时，你试图测试的东西往往会交织在一起，导致脆弱的测试，很难确定你是在测试你的代码，还是在模拟设置，或者两者兼而有之

---

方法

addnlogConfiguration TypeTagret

是您正在测试的类上的一个公共方法，因此@Philip说过，您可能应该从测试中调用它，或者应该从构造函数中调用它。如果您的目标是从构造函数中调用它，那么我建议它可能应该是一个私有方法d，除非有理由从课堂外调用它

---

就测试void方法调用的效果而言，您感兴趣的是该方法引起的状态更改。在本例中，

\u nLoggingConfiguration

是否有两个添加了正确属性的目标。您不会向我们显示

nLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets

属性，但我会从f假设您在测试中使用了

Count

属性，您只需检查列表中的项目，确认已将正确的名称和布局添加到正确的目标类型。

一般来说，您不应该模拟要测试的类，而应该模拟它的依赖项。当您启动mocki对您试图测试的类进行模拟通常会导致脆弱的测试，很难确定您是在测试代码，还是在模拟设置，或者两者兼而有之

---

方法

addnlogConfiguration TypeTagret

是您正在测试的类上的一个公共方法，因此@Philip说过，您可能应该从测试中调用它，或者应该从构造函数中调用它。如果您的目标是从构造函数中调用它，那么我建议它可能应该是一个私有方法d，除非有理由从课堂外调用它

就测试void方法调用的效果而言，您感兴趣的是该方法引起的状态更改。在本例中，

\u nLoggingConfiguration

是否有两个添加了正确属性的目标。您不会向我们显示

nLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets

属性，但我会从f假设您在测试中使用了

Count

属性，您可以简单地检查列表中的项目，以确认已将正确的名称和布局添加到正确的目标类型中

请引导我到正确的方向，我想要两件事。A）调用了该方法。B）添加了两个目标。因此预期计数为2

---

A）如果要验证调用了方法

AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret

，则需要在调用此方法的代码上对其进行测试。例如，类

ConsoleTargetBuilderClient

是使用

ITargetBuilder

的类的假设示例（在您自己的代码中，应该有使用类

ConsoleTargetBuilder

的地方）

---

然后，您可以进行一个测试，验证名为方法

AddNLogConfiguration TypeTagret

的方法

DoSomething

是否正确。为此，您可以使用

ConsoleTargetBuilder

的模拟，因为您可以测试与该方法的交互。测试可能如下所示：

    public void DoSomething_WhenCalled_AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagretGetsCalled()
    {
        // Arrange
        bool addNLogConfigurationTypeTagretWasCalled = false;
        Mock<ITargetBuilder> targetBuilderMock = new Mock<ITargetBuilder>();
        targetBuilderMock.Setup(b => b.AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret())
            .Callback(() => addNLogConfigurationTypeTagretWasCalled = true);
        ConsoleTargetBuilderClient client = new ConsoleTargetBuilderClient(targetBuilderMock.Object);

        // Act
        client.DoSomething();

        // Assert
        Assert.IsTrue(addNLogConfigurationTypeTagretWasCalled);
    }

public void AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret_WhenCalled_ConsoleTargetsAdded()
{
    // Arrange
    const int expectedConsoleTargetCount = 2;
    var loggerModel = new LoggerModel();
    var nLogLoggingConfiguration = new LoggingConfiguration();
    var consoleTargetBuilder = new ConsoleTargetBuilder(loggerModel, nLogLoggingConfiguration);

    // Act
    consoleTargetBuilder.AddNLogConfigurationTypeTagret();

    // Assert
    Assert.AreEqual<int>(expectedConsoleTargetCount, nLogLoggingConfiguration.AllTargets.Count);
}

public void DoSomething\u when-called\u addnlogconfigurationtypetagretgetscaled（）
{
//安排
bool addNLogConfigurationTypeTagretWasCalled=false；
Mock targetBuilderMock=new Mock（）；
targetBuilderMock.Setup（b=>b.addnlogConfiguration类型tagret（））
.Callback（（）=>AddNLOGConfiguration类型TagretwasCalled=true）；
ConsoleGetBuilderClient=新的ConsoleGetBuilderClient（targetBuilderMock.Object）；
//表演
client.DoSomething（）；
//断言
IsTrue（AddNLogConfiguration类型TagretWasCalled）；
}

B）如果您愿意