查找简单行为，因此我在其中插入了以下值： package stackoverflow.proof.selenium; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.junit.runners.Parameterized; import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import com.google.common.base.Function; import com.google.common.collect.Lists; import com.google.common.collect.Maps; import org.junit.Assert; /** * Parameterized test which can be used to validate lookups for a single well-defined desired interaction in a Selenium test. * * @see "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/33151925/eclipse-java-selenium-webdriver-unable-to-select-dropdown-item-elementnotvisi/33167573#33167573" * @see "" * * @author http://stackoverflow.com/users/5407189/jeremiah */ @RunWith(Parameterized.class) public class SeleniumLookupValidationUtilTest { /** Test URL where the element should be validated.*/ private static final String TEST_URL = "http://www.smartclient.com/smartgwt/showcase/#featured_tile_filtering"; /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#id(String)} reference.*/ private static final Function<String, By> AS_ID_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() { public By apply(String arg0) { return By.id(arg0); } }; /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#xpath(String)} reference.*/ private static final Function<String, By> AS_XPATH_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() { public By apply(String arg0) { return By.xpath(arg0); } }; /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#cssSelector(String)} reference.*/ private static final Function<String, By> AS_CSS_SELECTOR_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() { public By apply(String arg0) { return By.cssSelector(arg0); } }; /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#className(String)} reference.*/ private static final Function<String, By> AS_CLASS_NAME_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() { public By apply(String arg0) { return By.className(arg0); } }; /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#linkText(String)} reference.*/ private static final Function<String, By> AS_LINK_TEXT_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() { public By apply(String arg0) { return By.linkText(arg0); } }; /** * Creates the data for running the test instance. * @return Collection of Object arrays. Each array in the collection represents a different test execution. */ @Parameters(name="{0}") public static Collection<Object[]> buildLookups() { String[] ids = new String[]{}; String[] xpaths = new String[]{".//*[@id='isc_PickListMenu_0_row_1']/td/div"}; String[] cssSelectors = new String[]{".pickListCellSelectedOverDark>div"}; String[] classNames = new String[]{}; String[] linkTexts = new String[]{}; //I use the map so I can loop through the dataset later. Map<Function<String, By>, String[]> associations = Maps.newHashMap(); associations.put(AS_ID_LOOKUP, ids); associations.put(AS_XPATH_LOOKUP,xpaths); associations.put(AS_CSS_SELECTOR_LOOKUP, cssSelectors); associations.put(AS_CLASS_NAME_LOOKUP, classNames); associations.put(AS_LINK_TEXT_LOOKUP, linkTexts); List<Object[]> parameters = Lists.newArrayList(); for (Function<String, By> converter: associations.keySet()) { String[] lookupStrings = associations.get(converter); for (String lookup : lookupStrings) { By by = converter.apply(lookup); parameters.add(new Object[]{by}); } } return parameters; } /** The By lookup to use for the current test validation.*/ private final By target; /** WebDriver for testing.*/ private WebDriver driver; /** * Test constructor. * @param lookup By to be used for this validation. */ public SeleniumLookupValidationUtilTest(By lookup) { this.target = lookup; } /** * Creates the webdriver and establishes our validation state. */ @Before public void initWebDriver() { driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get(TEST_URL); } /** * Performs the thing we actually want to know about. */ @Test public void performValidation() { WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15); //Wait for GWT to load WebElement dropDown = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(".//*[@id='isc_2W']"))); //Find the drop down //Click the dropdown to expand the options dropDown.click(); //The element should now be availalbe to us, so try to resolve it. WebElement dropDownOption = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(target)); //Validate that the lookup we got is the one we wanted. Assert.assertEquals("Expected 'Sort By' Dropdown option 'Life Span' not found by provided lookup.", "Life Span", dropDownOption.getText()); //Click it to select that option in the interface. dropDownOption.click(); //Verify the combo updated as expected. Assert.assertEquals("'Sort By' Dropdown option 'Life Span' is not selected", "Life Span", dropDown.getText()); } /** * Closes all test browser windows and destroys the driver reference. */ @After public void destroyWebDriver() { for (String window : driver.getWindowHandles()) { driver.switchTo().window(window); driver.close(); } } }

线程。睡眠通常被视为坏习惯，主要原因有两个。首先，在Selenium测试中，运行操作已经花费了很长时间。使用Thread.sleep会强制您始终等待配置的时间，默认情况下不会提前退出该行为。第二个原因是，即使睡眠确实退出，您也只能假设系统的状态是您想要的，但无法通过标准的在线实现来保证它

WebDriverWait是Selenium API中的首选替代方案。它将阻止您的测试继续进行，直到您正在寻找的条件有效。它在ExpectedConditions类中提供了一组很好的预打包选项，如果您发现需要定制自己的条件，它还利用了Google Guava API

为了解决时间问题，WebDriverWait将在两个条件之一下退出。等待条件的等待已过期，或者条件现在存在，测试可以继续。在后一种情况下，配置等待时间的长短无关紧要。一旦条件为真，等待释放，测试继续进行

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祝你好运

同时，我在Selenium IDE中发现了一些允许使用所谓“scLocators”的东西。他们似乎工作得很好。现在我正试图让它们在SeleniumWebDriver中工作。同时，我发现了一些允许在SeleniumIDE中使用所谓的“scLocators”的东西。他们似乎工作得很好。现在我正试图让它们在SeleniumWebDriver中工作。

<tr aria-selected="true" id="isc_PickListMenu_0_row_0" role="option" aria-setsize="3" aria-posinset="1">
    <td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; width: 144px; overflow: hidden;" class="pickListCellSelected" align="left" height="16">
        <div role="presentation" cellclipdiv="true" style="overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;WIDTH:140px;">Animal</div>
    </td>
</tr>
<tr aria-selected="false" id="isc_PickListMenu_0_row_1" role="option" aria-setsize="3" aria-posinset="2">
    <td style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; width: 144px; overflow: hidden;" class="pickListCellDark" align="left" height="16">
        <div role="presentation" cellclipdiv="true" style="overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;WIDTH:140px;">Life Span</div>
    </td>
</tr>

driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("http://www.smartclient.com/smartgwt/showcase/#featured_tile_filtering");
driver.findElement(By.id("isc_2W")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[.='Life Span']")).click();

  driver.get("http://www.smartclient.com/smartgwt/showcase/#featured_tile_filtering");
  Thread.sleep(2000);
  driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='isc_2Z']")).click();
  driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='isc_PickListMenu_0_row_1']/td/div")).click();
  Thread.sleep(2000);

package stackoverflow.proof.selenium;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;

import org.junit.Assert;

/**
 * Parameterized test which can be used to validate lookups for a single well-defined desired interaction in a Selenium test.
 * 
 * @see "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/33151925/eclipse-java-selenium-webdriver-unable-to-select-dropdown-item-elementnotvisi/33167573#33167573"
 * @see ""
 * 
 * @author http://stackoverflow.com/users/5407189/jeremiah
 */
@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
public class SeleniumLookupValidationUtilTest {
    /** Test URL where the element should be validated.*/
    private static final String TEST_URL = "http://www.smartclient.com/smartgwt/showcase/#featured_tile_filtering";
    /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#id(String)} reference.*/
    private static final Function<String, By> AS_ID_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() {
        public By apply(String arg0) {
            return By.id(arg0);
        }
    };
    /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#xpath(String)} reference.*/
    private static final Function<String, By> AS_XPATH_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() {
        public By apply(String arg0) {
            return By.xpath(arg0);
        }
    };
    /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#cssSelector(String)} reference.*/
    private static final Function<String, By> AS_CSS_SELECTOR_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() {
        public By apply(String arg0) {
            return By.cssSelector(arg0);
        }
    };
    /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#className(String)} reference.*/
    private static final Function<String, By> AS_CLASS_NAME_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() {
        public By apply(String arg0) {
            return By.className(arg0);
        }
    };
    /** Function which converts a String into a {@link By#linkText(String)} reference.*/
    private static final Function<String, By> AS_LINK_TEXT_LOOKUP = new Function<String, By>() {
        public By apply(String arg0) {
            return By.linkText(arg0);
        }
    };

    /**
     * Creates the data for running the test instance.
     * @return Collection of Object arrays.  Each array in the collection represents a different test execution.
     */
    @Parameters(name="{0}")
    public static Collection<Object[]> buildLookups() {
        String[] ids = new String[]{};
        String[] xpaths = new String[]{".//*[@id='isc_PickListMenu_0_row_1']/td/div"};
        String[] cssSelectors = new String[]{".pickListCellSelectedOverDark>div"};
        String[] classNames = new String[]{};
        String[] linkTexts = new String[]{};

        //I use the map so I can loop through the dataset later.
        Map<Function<String, By>, String[]> associations = Maps.newHashMap();
        associations.put(AS_ID_LOOKUP, ids);
        associations.put(AS_XPATH_LOOKUP,xpaths);
        associations.put(AS_CSS_SELECTOR_LOOKUP, cssSelectors);
        associations.put(AS_CLASS_NAME_LOOKUP, classNames);
        associations.put(AS_LINK_TEXT_LOOKUP, linkTexts);

        List<Object[]> parameters = Lists.newArrayList();
        for (Function<String, By> converter: associations.keySet()) {
            String[] lookupStrings = associations.get(converter);
            for (String lookup : lookupStrings) {
                By by = converter.apply(lookup);
                parameters.add(new Object[]{by});
            }
        }

        return parameters;
    }

    /** The By lookup to use for the current test validation.*/
    private final By target;
    /** WebDriver for testing.*/
    private WebDriver driver;

    /**
     * Test constructor.
     * @param lookup By to be used for this validation.
     */
    public SeleniumLookupValidationUtilTest(By lookup) {
        this.target = lookup;
    }

    /**
     * Creates the webdriver and establishes our validation state.
     */
    @Before
    public void initWebDriver() {
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        driver.get(TEST_URL);

    }

    /**
     * Performs the thing we actually want to know about.
     */
    @Test
    public void performValidation() {
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15);
        //Wait for GWT to load
        WebElement dropDown = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(".//*[@id='isc_2W']"))); //Find the drop down
        //Click the dropdown to expand the options
        dropDown.click();
        //The element should now be availalbe to us, so try to resolve it.
        WebElement dropDownOption = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(target));
        //Validate that the lookup we got is the one we wanted.
        Assert.assertEquals("Expected 'Sort By' Dropdown option 'Life Span' not found by provided lookup.", "Life Span", dropDownOption.getText());
        //Click it to select that option in the interface.
        dropDownOption.click();
        //Verify the combo updated as expected.
        Assert.assertEquals("'Sort By' Dropdown option 'Life Span' is not selected", "Life Span", dropDown.getText());
    }

    /**
     * Closes all test browser windows and destroys the driver reference.
     */
    @After
    public void destroyWebDriver() {
        for (String window : driver.getWindowHandles()) {
            driver.switchTo().window(window);
            driver.close();
        }
    }
}

  /**
     * Performs the thing we actually want to know about.
     */
    @Test
    public void performValidation() {
        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15);
        //Wait for GWT to load
        WebElement dropDown = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(By.xpath(".//*[@id='isc_2W']"))); //Find the drop down
        //Click the dropdown to expand the options
        dropDown.click();
        //The element should now be availalbe to us, so try to resolve it.
        WebElement dropDownOption = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(target));
        //Validate that the lookup we got is the one we wanted.
        Assert.assertEquals("Expected 'Sort By' Dropdown option 'Life Span' not found by provided lookup.", "Life Span", dropDownOption.getText());
        //Click it to select that option in the interface.
        dropDownOption.click();
        //Verify the combo updated as expected.
        Assert.assertEquals("'Sort By' Dropdown option 'Life Span' is not selected", "Life Span", dropDown.getText());
    }