Python在MacOS 10.15测试版（19A582a）上崩溃，带有/usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib“；

我用新的macOS Catalina运行我的Django项目，运行得很好。
我安装了oh_my_zsh，然后我尝试运行同一个项目，但由于以下错误而崩溃。我卸载了oh_my_zsh并重试，但没有成功

Path:                  /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier:            Python
Version:               3.7.4 (3.7.4)
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        Python [7526]
Responsible:           Terminal [7510]
User ID:               501

Date/Time:             2019-10-07 20:59:20.675 +0530
OS Version:            Mac OS X 10.15 (19A582a)
Report Version:        12
Anonymous UUID:        CB7F20F6-96C0-4F63-9EC5-AFF3E0989687


Time Awake Since Boot: 3000 seconds

System Integrity Protection: enabled

Crashed Thread:        0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Exception Type:        EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes:       0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000
Exception Note:        EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY

Application Specific Information:
/usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib
abort() called
Invalid dylib load. Clients should not load the unversioned libcrypto dylib as it does not have a stable ABI.

---

它必须使用一些依赖项，如加密

解决方案：

cd your-site-packages-path/
vim ./asn1crypto/_int.py

找到这条线；删除它，一切正常

# from ._perf._big_num_ctypes import libcrypto

这是我的问题

Process:               Python [85179]
Path:                  /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier:            Python
Version:               3.7.4 (3.7.4)
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        ??? [85161]
Responsible:           iTerm2 [11711]
User ID:               501

Date/Time:             2019-10-07 23:00:25.143 +0800
OS Version:            Mac OS X 10.15 (19A582a)
Report Version:        12
Bridge OS Version:     3.0 (14Y906)
Anonymous UUID:        32C73ADD-1291-FA0E-DC02-48D539674325


Time Awake Since Boot: 42000 seconds

System Integrity Protection: enabled

Crashed Thread:        0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Exception Type:        EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes:       0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000
Exception Note:        EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY

Application Specific Information:
/usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib
abort() called
Invalid dylib load. Clients should not load the unversioned libcrypto dylib as it does not have a stable ABI.

---

警告：我不是安全专家，这个解决方案会弄乱加密库

我不认为你的问题源于zsh或者我的zsh。我的猜测是：MacOS 10.15安装的一些加密库与自制的

python3

安装不兼容

以下是为我解决问题的方法

# Install openssl via homebrew.
# Note: According to homebrew, "openssl is keg-only, which means it was
# not symlinked into /usr/local, because Apple has deprecated use of
# OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries."
brew install openssl
# Symlink those versions into /usr/local/lib, which gets Python to dynamically
# link against those instead of the version in /usr/lib/.
# Got the idea from https://forums.developer.apple.com/thread/119429
cd /usr/local/lib
sudo ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2t/lib/libssl.1.0.0.dylib libssl.dylib
sudo ln -s /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2t/lib/libcrypto.1.0.0.dylib libcrypto.dylib

我的情境：

• 最近升级到MacOS 10.15
• 我使用通过自制安装的python/pip:

  brew安装python

brew install openssl

• pip3

  因

  SIGABRT

系统错误报告的标题：

Process:               Python [52429]
Path:                  /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.4_1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier:            Python
Version:               3.7.4 (3.7.4)
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        zsh [43309]
Responsible:           iTerm2 [2316]
User ID:               501

Date/Time:             2019-10-09 09:52:18.148 -0700
OS Version:            Mac OS X 10.15 (19A583)
Report Version:        12
Bridge OS Version:     4.0 (17P572)
Anonymous UUID:        

Sleep/Wake UUID:       

Time Awake Since Boot: 9900 seconds
Time Since Wake:       7300 seconds

System Integrity Protection: enabled

Crashed Thread:        0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Exception Type:        EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes:       0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000
Exception Note:        EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY

Application Specific Information:
/usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib
abort() called
Invalid dylib load. Clients should not load the unversioned libcrypto dylib as it does not have a stable ABI.

确定了错误解决方法的步骤

动态库加载无效。客户端不应加载未版本的libcrypto动态库，因为它没有稳定的ABI。

通过将

/usr/local/lib

中的

libssl.dylib

和

libcrypto.dylib

链接替换为Homebrew安装的

openssl

中的libs链接

这些步骤是： 获取新的LIB

1）

brew更新、brew升级和brew安装openssl

2）

cd/usr/local/ceral/openssl/1.0.2t/lib

3）

sudo cp libssl.1.0.0.dylib libcrypto.1.0.0.dylib/usr/local/lib/

备份旧的

4）

cd/usr/local/lib

5）

mv libssl.dylib libssl_bak.dylib

6）

mv libcrypto.dylib libcrypto_bak.dylib

创建新链接

7）

sudo ln-s libssl.1.0.0.dylib libssl.dylib

---

8）

sudo ln-s libcrypto.1.0.0.dylib libcrypto.dylib

我刚刚遇到了同样的问题，手动链接起来有点不舒服

我能简单地解决这个问题

通过自制安装openssl：

brew install openssl

通过DYLD_LIBRARY_路径指向openssl中的动态库：

export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH

我刚刚在.zshrc中添加了这一行

编辑：根据，使用

DYLD\u FALLBACK\u LIBRARY\u PATH

可能优于

DYLD\u LIBRARY\u PATH

---

编辑2：正如下面的评论中提到的，应该是公认的答案。只需重新安装

加密软件包。
我更喜欢@bixel、@Juro Oravec和@honkaboy答案的组合：

brew install openssl
cd /usr/local/lib
sudo ln -s /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libssl.dylib libssl.dylib
sudo ln -s /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libcrypto.dylib libcrypto.dylib

这样，至少在理论上，当更新openssl时，dylibs将始终指向最新版本
/usr/local/opt/openssl
实际上是指向
/usr/local/ceral/openssl/ceral/openssl/1.0.2t
（brew安装的openssl版本）的链接

brew实际上解释了问题发生的原因：

openssl只是keg，这意味着它没有符号链接到/usr/local，
因为苹果不赞成使用OpenSSL，而是支持自己的TLS和加密库

正在尝试运行
brew链接openssl
：

警告：拒绝链接macOS提供的软件：openssl（如果需要）
要让openssl首先在路径中运行：echo“export”
PATH=“/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH”>>~/.bash\u profile

要让编译器找到openssl，您可能需要设置：export
LDFLAGS=“-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib”导出
CPPFLAGS=“-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include”

为了让pkg config找到openssl，您可能需要设置：export
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=“/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig”

因此，基本上您需要手动链接它们。
我在
ansible
中看到了类似的问题。罪魁祸首是asn1crypto，问题已经解决

我的解决方案是手动删除它，然后用
pip
重新安装它：

rm-r/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/asn1crypto*
。这使得
pip
可以正常工作
pip安装asn1crypto
，它安装了
1.2.0
：
注意：您可以通过在详细模式下运行
python
来检查
asn1crypto
是否是罪魁祸首，例如
python-v$（哪个ansible）
。在我的例子中，它在执行一些
asn1crypto
相关导入时崩溃：

# /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/asn1crypto/_perf/_big_num_ctypes.pyc matches /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/asn1crypto/_perf/_big_num_ctypes.py
import asn1crypto._perf._big_num_ctypes # precompiled from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/asn1crypto/_perf/_big_num_ctypes.pyc
[1]    59247 abort      python -v $(which ansible)

相关：
如果您使用的是Kevlar from，请升级到4.3.1，该版本“修复了由libcrypto.dylib版本引起的macOS Catalina崩溃”。
看起来这是一个自制问题。我确实
brew重新安装了python3
，它成功了。
对我来说，重新安装Python的加密软件包就足够了

pip uninstall cryptography
pip install cryptography

尝试：

为我工作
 要遵循上述答案，希望链接libssl.dylib文件，但未找到以下位置：

/usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2t/lib/

然而，@bixel接受的答案在下面的位置找到了该文件

/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib

这对我很有效
 我在使用
ctypes.cdll
用
Python3.7
打开
/usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib
时遇到了同样的问题。然而，
dylib
可以用
python2.7
打开

我用
brew install
安装了最新的
openssl
，然后按照上面的建议设置了环境变量并创建了链接，但没有发生什么好事

经过几个小时的挖掘，我找到了一个解决办法

我在
/usr
中找到了一些
libcrypto.X.dylib
，如下所示：

/usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib
/usr/lib/libcrypto.0.9.7.dylib
/usr/lib/libcrypto.0.9.8.dylib
/usr/lib/libcrypto.35.dylib
/usr/lib/libcrypto.41.dylib
/usr/lib/libcrypto.42.dylib
/usr/lib/libcrypto.44.dylib

/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libcrypto.1.1.dylib
/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libcrypto.dylib

首先，我用后面的一个替换了
/usr/lib
中的

os.environ['DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH'] = '/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib'

可以加载，但缺少一些API

AttributeError: dlsym(0x..., ECDH_OpenSSL): symbol not found

我为AttributeError: dlsym(0x..., ECDH_OpenSSL): symbol not found

ln -s /usr/lib/libcrypto.X.dylib lib/libcrypto.dylib

os.environ['DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH'] = 'lib' # It should be a absolute path

import sys
from ctypes.util import find_library
from ctypes import CDLL

name = sys.argv[1]
path = find_library(name)
print(f"path: {path}")
lib = CDLL(path)

$ sw_vers
ProductName:    Mac OS X
ProductVersion: 10.15.7
BuildVersion:   19H15
$ /usr/bin/python3 --version
Python 3.8.2
$ ls -al /usr/lib/ | grep 'libcrypto\|libssl'
.rwxr-xr-x 1.1M root 22 Sep  8:29 libcrypto.0.9.7.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 1.4M root 22 Sep  8:29 libcrypto.0.9.8.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 1.5M root 22 Sep  8:29 libcrypto.35.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 1.5M root 22 Sep  8:29 libcrypto.41.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 1.5M root 22 Sep  8:29 libcrypto.42.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 1.5M root 22 Sep  8:29 libcrypto.44.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x  32k root 22 Sep  8:29 libcrypto.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 212k root 22 Sep  8:29 libssl.0.9.7.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 335k root 22 Sep  8:30 libssl.0.9.8.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 330k root 22 Sep  8:28 libssl.35.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 313k root 22 Sep  8:29 libssl.43.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 300k root 22 Sep  8:29 libssl.44.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x 294k root 22 Sep  8:29 libssl.46.dylib
.rwxr-xr-x  32k root 22 Sep  8:29 libssl.dylib
$ /usr/bin/python3 openlib.py libcrypto
path: /usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib
Abort trap: 6
$ /usr/bin/python3 openlib.py libcrypto.35
path: /usr/lib/libcrypto.35.dylib
$ /usr/bin/python3 openlib.py libcrypto.44
path: /usr/lib/libcrypto.44.dylib

Process:               Python [97291]
Path:                  /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier:            Python
Version:               3.8.2 (3.8.2)
Build Info:            python3-73040006000000~117
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        bash [84388]
Responsible:           iTerm2 [7705]
User ID:               501

Date/Time:             2020-12-26 00:28:00.281 +0800
OS Version:            Mac OS X 10.15.7 (19H15)
Report Version:        12
Anonymous UUID:        1C43F3DB-1783-4B94-B663-7F7E8D331B56


Time Awake Since Boot: 53000 seconds

System Integrity Protection: enabled

Crashed Thread:        0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Exception Type:        EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT)
Exception Codes:       0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000
Exception Note:        EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY

Application Specific Information:
/usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib
abort() called
Invalid dylib load. Clients should not load the unversioned libcrypto dylib as it does not have a stable ABI.

Thread 0 Crashed:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0   libsystem_kernel.dylib          0x00007fff69bba33a __pthread_kill + 10
1   libsystem_pthread.dylib         0x00007fff69c76e60 pthread_kill + 430
2   libsystem_c.dylib               0x00007fff69b41808 abort + 120
3   libcrypto.dylib                 0x00007fff6766b7e4 __report_load + 415

DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FALLBACK = [
    os.path.expanduser("~/lib"),
    "/usr/local/lib",
    "/lib",
    "/usr/lib",
]

$ /usr/bin/python3
Python 3.8.2 (default, Nov  4 2020, 21:23:28)
[Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.28)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from ctypes.util import find_library
>>> find_library('libcrypto')
'/usr/lib/libcrypto.dylib'
>>>

$ pwd
/Users/gasolwu
$ ln -s /usr/lib/libcrypto.44.dylib $HOME/lib/libcrypto.dylib
$ $ ls ~/lib
libcrypto.dylib

$ /usr/bin/python3 openlib.py libcrypto
path: /Users/gasolwu/lib/libcrypto.dylib

export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib:$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH