R 创建自定义轴时获取打印错误

我在R的基本绘图系统中创建自定义轴时遇到问题，我有以下数据框，我想为其绘制趋势图，以显示每年的变化：

year  <- c(2000, 2002, 2005, 2009)
values  <- c(7332967, 5332780, 5135760, 3464206) 
x  <- data.frame(year, values)

##     year values
## 1    2000    733296
## 2    2002    533278
## 3    2005    513576
## 4    2009    346420

然而，对于数据帧中的四个值，这给了我一个倾斜的x轴和y轴。我希望x轴只包含年份列下的四个值，y轴只包含值列下的四个值

为此，我尝试创建自定义x轴和y轴，但这导致了错误：

plot(x$year, x$value,
     type = "b",
     xaxt = "n",
     yaxt = "n",
     xlab = "Year",
     ylab = "Values",
     axis(1, at = 1:nrow(x), labels = x$year),
     axis(2, at = 1:nrow(x), labels = x$value))

"Error in plot.window(...) : invalid 'xlim' value"

以及：

我对R很陌生，尝试在不同的网站上搜索解决方案，但是，似乎没有什么能解决问题，因此非常感谢提供的任何帮助。

轴是一个单独的函数，不是绘图参数，因此请尝试以下方法：

# First make some extra space on the left for the long numeric axis labels
par(mar=c(5, 6, 1, 1))
# Now plot the points, but suppress the axes
plot(x$year, x$values, xaxt='n', yaxt='n', xlab='Year', ylab='', type='b')
# Add the axes
axis(1, at=x$year, labels=x$year, cex.axis=0.8)
axis(2, at=x$values, labels=x$values, las=1, cex.axis=0.8)
# Add the y label a bit further away from the axis
title(ylab='Value', line=4)

plot(x$year, x$value,
     type = "b",
     xaxt = "n",
     yaxt = "n",
     xlab = "Year",
     ylab = "Values",
     axis(1, at = 1:nrow(x), labels = x$year),
     axis(2, at = 1:nrow(x), labels = x$value),
     xlim = c(min(data_plot$year), max(data_plot$year)),
     ylim = c(min(data_plot$Emissions), max(data_plot$Emissions)))

"Error in strsplit(log, NULL) : non-character argument"

# First make some extra space on the left for the long numeric axis labels
par(mar=c(5, 6, 1, 1))
# Now plot the points, but suppress the axes
plot(x$year, x$values, xaxt='n', yaxt='n', xlab='Year', ylab='', type='b')
# Add the axes
axis(1, at=x$year, labels=x$year, cex.axis=0.8)
axis(2, at=x$values, labels=x$values, las=1, cex.axis=0.8)
# Add the y label a bit further away from the axis
title(ylab='Value', line=4)