Python primes，3=6，返回一个primes数组，2=6，返回一个primes列表，2
很抱歉打扰您，但是erat2（）在算法中有一个严重的缺陷 在搜索下一个组合时，我们只需要测试奇数。 q、 p两者都是奇数；那么q+p是偶数，不需要测试，但是q+2*p总是奇数。这消除了while循环条件中的“if-even”测试，并节省了大约30%的运行时间 当我们这样做的时候：不要使用优雅的'D.pop（q，None）'get和delete方法，而是使用'if q in D:p=D[q]，del D[q]，这是速度的两倍！至少在我的机器上（P3-1Ghz）。 因此，我建议采用这种巧妙算法：Python primes，3=6，返回一个primes数组，2=6，返回一个primes列表，2,python,math,optimization,primes,Python,Math,Optimization,Primes,很抱歉打扰您，但是erat2（）在算法中有一个严重的缺陷 在搜索下一个组合时，我们只需要测试奇数。 q、 p两者都是奇数；那么q+p是偶数，不需要测试，但是q+2*p总是奇数。这消除了while循环条件中的“if-even”测试，并节省了大约30%的运行时间 当我们这样做的时候：不要使用优雅的'D.pop（q，None）'get和delete方法，而是使用'if q in D:p=D[q]，del D[q]，这是速度的两倍！至少在我的机器上（P3-1Ghz）。 因此，我建议采用这种巧妙算法： d
def erat3( ):
from itertools import islice, count
# q is the running integer that's checked for primeness.
# yield 2 and no other even number thereafter
yield 2
D = {}
# no need to mark D[4] as we will test odd numbers only
for q in islice(count(3),0,None,2):
if q in D: # is composite
p = D[q]
del D[q]
# q is composite. p=D[q] is the first prime that
# divides it. Since we've reached q, we no longer
# need it in the map, but we'll mark the next
# multiple of its witnesses to prepare for larger
# numbers.
x = q + p+p # next odd(!) multiple
while x in D: # skip composites
x += p+p
D[x] = p
else: # is prime
# q is a new prime.
# Yield it and mark its first multiple that isn't
# already marked in previous iterations.
D[q*q] = q
yield q
使用Numpy实现的半筛略有不同： 输入数学 进口numpy def prime6（高达）： 素数=numpy.arange（3，高达+1,2） isprime=numpy.one（（最多1）/2，dtype=bool） 对于素数中的因子[：int（math.sqrt（upto））]： 如果iPrime[（因子-2）/2]：iPrime[（因子*3-2）/2:（高达-1）/2:因子]=0 返回numpy.insert（素数[isprime]，0,2）
有人能把这个时间和其他时间比较一下吗？在我的机器上，它似乎与另一个Numpy半筛相当。到目前为止，我尝试过的最快方法是基于以下功能：
import itertools as it
def erat2a( ):
D = { }
yield 2
for q in it.islice(it.count(3), 0, None, 2):
p = D.pop(q, None)
if p is None:
D[q*q] = q
yield q
else:
x = q + 2*p
while x in D:
x += 2*p
D[x] = p
有关加速的解释，请参见答案。第一次使用python，所以我在本文中使用的一些方法可能有点麻烦。我只是把C++代码直接转换成Python，这就是我所拥有的（尽管在Python中有一个ToD位慢波） pythonw Primes2.py 在10.230172秒内找到664579个素数
#/usr/bin/env python
导入时间
def GetPrimes3（n）：
筛子=[1代表x范围内的x（n）]
对于X范围内的q（3，n，2）：
k=q
对于xrange（k*k，n，k中的y，我可能会迟到，但必须为此添加我自己的代码。它在空间中使用了大约n/2，因为我们不需要存储偶数，而且我还使用了bitarray python模块，进一步大幅减少了内存消耗，并允许计算高达100000000的所有素数
from bitarray import bitarray
def primes_to(n):
size = n//2
sieve = bitarray(size)
sieve.setall(1)
limit = int(n**0.5)
for i in range(1,limit):
if sieve[i]:
val = 2*i+1
sieve[(i+i*val)::val] = 0
return [2] + [2*i+1 for i, v in enumerate(sieve) if v and i > 0]
python -m timeit -n10 -s "import euler" "euler.primes_to(1000000000)"
10 loops, best of 3: 46.5 sec per loop
这是在64位2.4GHZ MAC OSX 10.8.3上运行的我知道竞争已经结束了好几年了
尽管如此，这是我对纯python素筛的建议，基于在向前处理筛时使用适当步骤省略2、3和5的倍数
导入ctypes
int16Array=ctypes.c_ushort*（最大Int>>1）
sieve=int16Array（）
#打印“使用ctypes“无符号短整数数组”
其他：
筛子=（最大值>>1）*[假]
#打印“使用长整型的python list（）”
如果最大值<10**8：
筛[4:：3]=[True]*（（最大整数-8）/6+1）
筛[12:：5]=[True]*（（最大整数-24）/10+1）
r=[2,3,5]
n=0
对于X范围内的i（整数（最大整数**0.5）/30+1）：
n+=3
如果不是筛子[n]：
n2=（n>1
筛子[n2q:：n2]=[True]*（（最大值>>1）-n2q-1）/n2+1）
n+=2
如果不是筛子[n]：
n2=（n>1
筛子[n2q:：n2]=[True]*（（最大值>>1）-n2q-1）/n2+1）
n+=1
如果不是筛子[n]：
n2=（n>1
筛子[n2q:：n2]=[True]*（（最大值>>1）-n2q-1）/n2+1）
n+=2
如果不是筛子[n]：
n2=（n>1
筛子[n2q:：n2]=[True]*（（最大值>>1）-n2q-1）/n2+1）
n+=1
如果不是筛子[n]：
n2=（n>1
筛子[n2q:：n2]=[True]*（（最大值>>1）-n2q-1）/n2+1）
n+=2
如果不是筛子[n]：
n2=（n>1
筛子[n2q:：n2]=[True]*（（最大值>>1）-n2q-1）/n2+1）
n+=3
如果不是筛子[n]：
n2=（n>1
筛子[n2q:：n2]=[True]*（（最大值>>1）-n2q-1）/n2+1）
n+=1
如果不是筛子[n]：
n2=（n>1
筛子[n2q:：n2]=[True]*（（最大值>>1）-n2q-1）/n2+1）
如果最大值<10**8：
返回[2,3,5]+[（p>1）如果没有筛选[n]]
n=n>>1
尝试：
对于X范围内的i（（最大Int-2*n）/30+1）：
n+=3
如果不是筛子[n]：
r、 append（（n随着时间的推移，我收集了几个素数筛。我的计算机上最快的是：
from time import time
# 175 ms for all the primes up to the value 10**6
def primes_sieve(limit):
a = [True] * limit
a[0] = a[1] = False
#a[2] = True
for n in xrange(4, limit, 2):
a[n] = False
root_limit = int(limit**.5)+1
for i in xrange(3,root_limit):
if a[i]:
for n in xrange(i*i, limit, 2*i):
a[n] = False
return a
LIMIT = 10**6
s=time()
primes = primes_sieve(LIMIT)
print time()-s
如果您不想重新发明轮子，可以安装符号数学库（是的，它与Python 3兼容）
并使用该函数
编写自己的主要查找代码很有启发性，但手头有一个快速可靠的库也很有用
试试它pip安装primesieve
import primesieve
primes = primesieve.generate_primes(10**8)
我很想看看比较的速度。如果你接受itertools而不是numpy，这里有一个适用于Python 3的rwh_primes2的修改，它在我的机器上运行的速度大约是原来的两倍。唯一实质性的变化是使用bytearray而不是布尔值的列表，使用compress而不是列表理解来构建最终的列表。（如果可以的话，我会像moarningsun一样加上这个评论。）
及
它都是经过编写和测试的，所以没有必要重新发明轮子
python -m timeit -r10 -s"from sympy import sieve" "primes = list(sieve.primerange(1, 10**6))"
为我们提供了破纪录的12.2毫秒
10 loops, best of 10: 12.2 msec per loop
如果速度不够快，可以尝试PyPy：
pypy -m timeit -r10 -s"from sympy import sieve" "primes = list(sieve.primerange(1, 10**6))"
其结果是：
10 loops, best of 10: 2.03 msec per loop
得到247张赞成票的答案列出了15.9毫秒为最佳解决方案。
比较一下！！！我测试了一些，我用无数的数字计算了出来
优胜者是使用numpy库的函数
注意：做一个内存利用率测试也很有趣：）
示例代码
对于Python 3
def rwh_primes2(n):
correction = (n%6>1)
n = {0:n,1:n-1,2:n+4,3:n+3,4:n+2,5:n+1}[n%6]
sieve = [True] * (n//3)
sieve[0] = False
for i in range(int(n**0.5)//3+1):
if sieve[i]:
k=3*i+1|1
sieve[ ((k*k)//3) ::2*k]=[False]*((n//6-(k*k)//6-1)//k+1)
sieve[(k*k+4*k-2*k*(i&1))//3::2*k]=[False]*((n//6-(k*k+4*k-2*k*(i&1))//6-1)//k+1)
return [2,3] + [3*i+1|1 for i in range(1,n//3-correction) if sieve[i]]
下面是最快函数之一的两个更新（纯Python 3.6）版本
from itertools import compress
def rwh_primes1v1(n):
""" Returns a list of primes < n for n > 2 """
sieve = bytearray([True]) * (n//2)
for i in range(3,int(n**0.5)+1,2):
if sieve[i//2]:
sieve[i*i//2::i] = bytearray((n-i*i-1)//(2*i)+1)
return [2,*compress(range(3,n,2), sieve[1:])]
def rwh_primes1v2(n):
""" Returns a list of primes < n for n > 2 """
sieve = bytearray([True]) * (n//2+1)
for i in range(1,int(n**0.5)//2+1):
if sieve[i]:
sieve[2*i*(i+1)::2*i+1] = bytearray((n//2-2*i*(i+1))//(2*i+1)+1)
return [2,*compress(range(3,n,2), sieve[1:])]
从itertools导入压缩
def rwh_primes1v1（n）：
“”“对于n>2，返回素数def daniel_sieve_2(maxNumber):
"""
Given a number, returns all numbers less than or equal to
that number which are prime.
"""
allNumbers = range(3, maxNumber+1, 2)
for mIndex, number in enumerate(xrange(3, maxNumber+1, 2)):
if allNumbers[mIndex] == 0:
continue
# now set all multiples to 0
for index in xrange(mIndex+number, (maxNumber-3)/2+1, number):
allNumbers[index] = 0
return [2] + filter(lambda n: n!=0, allNumbers)
>>>mine = timeit.Timer("daniel_sieve_2(1000000)",
... "from sieves import daniel_sieve_2")
>>>prev = timeit.Timer("get_primes_erat(1000000)",
... "from sieves import get_primes_erat")
>>>print "Mine: {0:0.4f} ms".format(min(mine.repeat(3, 1))*1000)
Mine: 428.9446 ms
>>>print "Previous Best {0:0.4f} ms".format(min(prev.repeat(3, 1))*1000)
Previous Best 621.3581 ms
for pos,i in enumerate(primes):
if i > N:
print primes[:pos]
def sundaram3(max_n):
numbers = range(3, max_n+1, 2)
half = (max_n)//2
initial = 4
for step in xrange(3, max_n+1, 2):
for i in xrange(initial, half, step):
numbers[i-1] = 0
initial += 2*(step+1)
if initial > half:
return [2] + filter(None, numbers)
C:\USERS>python -m timeit -n10 -s "import get_primes" "get_primes.get_primes_erat(1000000)"
10 loops, best of 3: 710 msec per loop
C:\USERS>python -m timeit -n10 -s "import get_primes" "get_primes.daniel_sieve_2(1000000)"
10 loops, best of 3: 435 msec per loop
C:\USERS>python -m timeit -n10 -s "import get_primes" "get_primes.sundaram3(1000000)"
10 loops, best of 3: 327 msec per loop
import sys
import random
def miller_rabin_pass(a, n):
d = n - 1
s = 0
while d % 2 == 0:
d >>= 1
s += 1
a_to_power = pow(a, d, n)
if a_to_power == 1:
return True
for i in xrange(s-1):
if a_to_power == n - 1:
return True
a_to_power = (a_to_power * a_to_power) % n
return a_to_power == n - 1
def miller_rabin(n):
for a in [2, 3, 37, 73]:
if not miller_rabin_pass(a, n):
return False
return True
n = int(sys.argv[1])
primes = [2]
for p in range(3,n,2):
if miller_rabin(p):
primes.append(p)
print len(primes)
$ python -mtimeit -s'import sieve' 'sieve.sieve(1000000)'
10 loops, best of 3: 445 msec per loop
$ cat sieve.py
from math import sqrt
def sieve(size):
prime=[True]*size
rng=xrange
limit=int(sqrt(size))
for i in rng(3,limit+1,+2):
if prime[i]:
prime[i*i::+i]=[False]*len(prime[i*i::+i])
return [2]+[i for i in rng(3,size,+2) if prime[i]]
if __name__=='__main__':
print sieve(100)
def primes(n):
""" Returns a list of primes < n """
sieve = [True] * n
for i in range(3,int(n**0.5)+1,2):
if sieve[i]:
sieve[i*i::2*i]=[False]*((n-i*i-1)//(2*i)+1)
return [2] + [i for i in range(3,n,2) if sieve[i]]
def primes1(n):
""" Returns a list of primes < n """
sieve = [True] * (n//2)
for i in range(3,int(n**0.5)+1,2):
if sieve[i//2]:
sieve[i*i//2::i] = [False] * ((n-i*i-1)//(2*i)+1)
return [2] + [2*i+1 for i in range(1,n//2) if sieve[i]]
import numpy
def primesfrom3to(n):
""" Returns a array of primes, 3 <= p < n """
sieve = numpy.ones(n//2, dtype=numpy.bool)
for i in range(3,int(n**0.5)+1,2):
if sieve[i//2]:
sieve[i*i//2::i] = False
return 2*numpy.nonzero(sieve)[0][1::]+1
import numpy
def primesfrom2to(n):
""" Input n>=6, Returns a array of primes, 2 <= p < n """
sieve = numpy.ones(n//3 + (n%6==2), dtype=numpy.bool)
for i in range(1,int(n**0.5)//3+1):
if sieve[i]:
k=3*i+1|1
sieve[ k*k//3 ::2*k] = False
sieve[k*(k-2*(i&1)+4)//3::2*k] = False
return numpy.r_[2,3,((3*numpy.nonzero(sieve)[0][1:]+1)|1)]
def primes2(n):
""" Input n>=6, Returns a list of primes, 2 <= p < n """
n, correction = n-n%6+6, 2-(n%6>1)
sieve = [True] * (n//3)
for i in range(1,int(n**0.5)//3+1):
if sieve[i]:
k=3*i+1|1
sieve[ k*k//3 ::2*k] = [False] * ((n//6-k*k//6-1)//k+1)
sieve[k*(k-2*(i&1)+4)//3::2*k] = [False] * ((n//6-k*(k-2*(i&1)+4)//6-1)//k+1)
return [2,3] + [3*i+1|1 for i in range(1,n//3-correction) if sieve[i]]
def erat3( ):
from itertools import islice, count
# q is the running integer that's checked for primeness.
# yield 2 and no other even number thereafter
yield 2
D = {}
# no need to mark D[4] as we will test odd numbers only
for q in islice(count(3),0,None,2):
if q in D: # is composite
p = D[q]
del D[q]
# q is composite. p=D[q] is the first prime that
# divides it. Since we've reached q, we no longer
# need it in the map, but we'll mark the next
# multiple of its witnesses to prepare for larger
# numbers.
x = q + p+p # next odd(!) multiple
while x in D: # skip composites
x += p+p
D[x] = p
else: # is prime
# q is a new prime.
# Yield it and mark its first multiple that isn't
# already marked in previous iterations.
D[q*q] = q
yield q
import math
import numpy
def prime6(upto):
primes=numpy.arange(3,upto+1,2)
isprime=numpy.ones((upto-1)/2,dtype=bool)
for factor in primes[:int(math.sqrt(upto))]:
if isprime[(factor-2)/2]: isprime[(factor*3-2)/2:(upto-1)/2:factor]=0
return numpy.insert(primes[isprime],0,2)
import itertools as it
def erat2a( ):
D = { }
yield 2
for q in it.islice(it.count(3), 0, None, 2):
p = D.pop(q, None)
if p is None:
D[q*q] = q
yield q
else:
x = q + 2*p
while x in D:
x += 2*p
D[x] = p
#!/usr/bin/env python
import time
def GetPrimes(n):
Sieve = [1 for x in xrange(n)]
Done = False
w = 3
while not Done:
for q in xrange (3, n, 2):
Prod = w*q
if Prod < n:
Sieve[Prod] = 0
else:
break
if w > (n/2):
Done = True
w += 2
return Sieve
start = time.clock()
d = 10000000
Primes = GetPrimes(d)
count = 1 #This is for 2
for x in xrange (3, d, 2):
if Primes[x]:
count+=1
elapsed = (time.clock() - start)
print "\nFound", count, "primes in", elapsed, "seconds!\n"
#!/usr/bin/env python
import time
def GetPrimes2(n):
Sieve = [1 for x in xrange(n)]
for q in xrange (3, n, 2):
k = q
for y in xrange(k*3, n, k*2):
Sieve[y] = 0
return Sieve
start = time.clock()
d = 10000000
Primes = GetPrimes2(d)
count = 1 #This is for 2
for x in xrange (3, d, 2):
if Primes[x]:
count+=1
elapsed = (time.clock() - start)
print "\nFound", count, "primes in", elapsed, "seconds!\n"
#!/usr/bin/env python
import time
def GetPrimes3(n):
Sieve = [1 for x in xrange(n)]
for q in xrange (3, n, 2):
k = q
for y in xrange(k*k, n, k << 1):
Sieve[y] = 0
return Sieve
start = time.clock()
d = 10000000
Primes = GetPrimes3(d)
count = 1 #This is for 2
for x in xrange (3, d, 2):
if Primes[x]:
count+=1
elapsed = (time.clock() - start)
print "\nFound", count, "primes in", elapsed, "seconds!\n"
from bitarray import bitarray
def primes_to(n):
size = n//2
sieve = bitarray(size)
sieve.setall(1)
limit = int(n**0.5)
for i in range(1,limit):
if sieve[i]:
val = 2*i+1
sieve[(i+i*val)::val] = 0
return [2] + [2*i+1 for i, v in enumerate(sieve) if v and i > 0]
python -m timeit -n10 -s "import euler" "euler.primes_to(1000000000)"
10 loops, best of 3: 46.5 sec per loop
def primeSieveSeq(MAX_Int):
if MAX_Int > 5*10**8:
import ctypes
int16Array = ctypes.c_ushort * (MAX_Int >> 1)
sieve = int16Array()
#print 'uses ctypes "unsigned short int Array"'
else:
sieve = (MAX_Int >> 1) * [False]
#print 'uses python list() of long long int'
if MAX_Int < 10**8:
sieve[4::3] = [True]*((MAX_Int - 8)/6+1)
sieve[12::5] = [True]*((MAX_Int - 24)/10+1)
r = [2, 3, 5]
n = 0
for i in xrange(int(MAX_Int**0.5)/30+1):
n += 3
if not sieve[n]:
n2 = (n << 1) + 1
r.append(n2)
n2q = (n2**2) >> 1
sieve[n2q::n2] = [True]*(((MAX_Int >> 1) - n2q - 1) / n2 + 1)
n += 2
if not sieve[n]:
n2 = (n << 1) + 1
r.append(n2)
n2q = (n2**2) >> 1
sieve[n2q::n2] = [True]*(((MAX_Int >> 1) - n2q - 1) / n2 + 1)
n += 1
if not sieve[n]:
n2 = (n << 1) + 1
r.append(n2)
n2q = (n2**2) >> 1
sieve[n2q::n2] = [True]*(((MAX_Int >> 1) - n2q - 1) / n2 + 1)
n += 2
if not sieve[n]:
n2 = (n << 1) + 1
r.append(n2)
n2q = (n2**2) >> 1
sieve[n2q::n2] = [True]*(((MAX_Int >> 1) - n2q - 1) / n2 + 1)
n += 1
if not sieve[n]:
n2 = (n << 1) + 1
r.append(n2)
n2q = (n2**2) >> 1
sieve[n2q::n2] = [True]*(((MAX_Int >> 1) - n2q - 1) / n2 + 1)
n += 2
if not sieve[n]:
n2 = (n << 1) + 1
r.append(n2)
n2q = (n2**2) >> 1
sieve[n2q::n2] = [True]*(((MAX_Int >> 1) - n2q - 1) / n2 + 1)
n += 3
if not sieve[n]:
n2 = (n << 1) + 1
r.append(n2)
n2q = (n2**2) >> 1
sieve[n2q::n2] = [True]*(((MAX_Int >> 1) - n2q - 1) / n2 + 1)
n += 1
if not sieve[n]:
n2 = (n << 1) + 1
r.append(n2)
n2q = (n2**2) >> 1
sieve[n2q::n2] = [True]*(((MAX_Int >> 1) - n2q - 1) / n2 + 1)
if MAX_Int < 10**8:
return [2, 3, 5]+[(p << 1) + 1 for p in [n for n in xrange(3, MAX_Int >> 1) if not sieve[n]]]
n = n >> 1
try:
for i in xrange((MAX_Int-2*n)/30 + 1):
n += 3
if not sieve[n]:
r.append((n << 1) + 1)
n += 2
if not sieve[n]:
r.append((n << 1) + 1)
n += 1
if not sieve[n]:
r.append((n << 1) + 1)
n += 2
if not sieve[n]:
r.append((n << 1) + 1)
n += 1
if not sieve[n]:
r.append((n << 1) + 1)
n += 2
if not sieve[n]:
r.append((n << 1) + 1)
n += 3
if not sieve[n]:
r.append((n << 1) + 1)
n += 1
if not sieve[n]:
r.append((n << 1) + 1)
except:
pass
return r
from time import time
# 175 ms for all the primes up to the value 10**6
def primes_sieve(limit):
a = [True] * limit
a[0] = a[1] = False
#a[2] = True
for n in xrange(4, limit, 2):
a[n] = False
root_limit = int(limit**.5)+1
for i in xrange(3,root_limit):
if a[i]:
for n in xrange(i*i, limit, 2*i):
a[n] = False
return a
LIMIT = 10**6
s=time()
primes = primes_sieve(LIMIT)
print time()-s
pip install sympy
from sympy import sieve
primes = list(sieve.primerange(1, 10**6))
import primesieve
primes = primesieve.generate_primes(10**8)
import itertools
izip = itertools.zip_longest
chain = itertools.chain.from_iterable
compress = itertools.compress
def rwh_primes2_python3(n):
""" Input n>=6, Returns a list of primes, 2 <= p < n """
zero = bytearray([False])
size = n//3 + (n % 6 == 2)
sieve = bytearray([True]) * size
sieve[0] = False
for i in range(int(n**0.5)//3+1):
if sieve[i]:
k=3*i+1|1
start = (k*k+4*k-2*k*(i&1))//3
sieve[(k*k)//3::2*k]=zero*((size - (k*k)//3 - 1) // (2 * k) + 1)
sieve[ start ::2*k]=zero*((size - start - 1) // (2 * k) + 1)
ans = [2,3]
poss = chain(izip(*[range(i, n, 6) for i in (1,5)]))
ans.extend(compress(poss, sieve))
return ans
>>> timeit.timeit('primes.rwh_primes2(10**6)', setup='import primes', number=1)
0.0652179726976101
>>> timeit.timeit('primes.rwh_primes2_python3(10**6)', setup='import primes', number=1)
0.03267321276325674
>>> timeit.timeit('primes.rwh_primes2(10**8)', setup='import primes', number=1)
6.394284538007014
>>> timeit.timeit('primes.rwh_primes2_python3(10**8)', setup='import primes', number=1)
3.833829450302801
python -m timeit -r10 -s"from sympy import sieve" "primes = list(sieve.primerange(1, 10**6))"
10 loops, best of 10: 12.2 msec per loop
pypy -m timeit -r10 -s"from sympy import sieve" "primes = list(sieve.primerange(1, 10**6))"
10 loops, best of 10: 2.03 msec per loop
#!/usr/bin/env python
import lib
import timeit
import sys
import math
import datetime
import prettyplotlib as ppl
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from prettyplotlib import brewer2mpl
primenumbers_gen = [
'sieveOfEratosthenes',
'ambi_sieve',
'ambi_sieve_plain',
'sundaram3',
'sieve_wheel_30',
'primesfrom3to',
'primesfrom2to',
'rwh_primes',
'rwh_primes1',
'rwh_primes2',
]
def human_format(num):
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/579310/formatting-long-numbers-as-strings-in-python?answertab=active#tab-top
magnitude = 0
while abs(num) >= 1000:
magnitude += 1
num /= 1000.0
# add more suffixes if you need them
return '%.2f%s' % (num, ['', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P'][magnitude])
if __name__=='__main__':
# Vars
n = 10000000 # number itereration generator
nbcol = 5 # For decompose prime number generator
nb_benchloop = 3 # Eliminate false positive value during the test (bench average time)
datetimeformat = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'
config = 'from __main__ import n; import lib'
primenumbers_gen = {
'sieveOfEratosthenes': {'color': 'b'},
'ambi_sieve': {'color': 'b'},
'ambi_sieve_plain': {'color': 'b'},
'sundaram3': {'color': 'b'},
'sieve_wheel_30': {'color': 'b'},
# # # 'primesfrom2to': {'color': 'b'},
'primesfrom3to': {'color': 'b'},
# 'rwh_primes': {'color': 'b'},
# 'rwh_primes1': {'color': 'b'},
'rwh_primes2': {'color': 'b'},
}
# Get n in command line
if len(sys.argv)>1:
n = int(sys.argv[1])
step = int(math.ceil(n / float(nbcol)))
nbs = np.array([i * step for i in range(1, int(nbcol) + 1)])
set2 = brewer2mpl.get_map('Paired', 'qualitative', 12).mpl_colors
print datetime.datetime.now().strftime(datetimeformat)
print("Compute prime number to %(n)s" % locals())
print("")
results = dict()
for pgen in primenumbers_gen:
results[pgen] = dict()
benchtimes = list()
for n in nbs:
t = timeit.Timer("lib.%(pgen)s(n)" % locals(), setup=config)
execute_times = t.repeat(repeat=nb_benchloop,number=1)
benchtime = np.mean(execute_times)
benchtimes.append(benchtime)
results[pgen] = {'benchtimes':np.array(benchtimes)}
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1)
plt.ylabel('Computation time (in second)')
plt.xlabel('Numbers computed')
i = 0
for pgen in primenumbers_gen:
bench = results[pgen]['benchtimes']
avgs = np.divide(bench,nbs)
avg = np.average(bench, weights=nbs)
# Compute linear regression
A = np.vstack([nbs, np.ones(len(nbs))]).T
a, b = np.linalg.lstsq(A, nbs*avgs)[0]
# Plot
i += 1
#label="%(pgen)s" % locals()
#ppl.plot(nbs, nbs*avgs, label=label, lw=1, linestyle='--', color=set2[i % 12])
label="%(pgen)s avg" % locals()
ppl.plot(nbs, a * nbs + b, label=label, lw=2, color=set2[i % 12])
print datetime.datetime.now().strftime(datetimeformat)
ppl.legend(ax, loc='upper left', ncol=4)
# Change x axis label
ax.get_xaxis().get_major_formatter().set_scientific(False)
fig.canvas.draw()
labels = [human_format(int(item.get_text())) for item in ax.get_xticklabels()]
ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
ax = plt.gca()
plt.show()
def rwh_primes2(n):
correction = (n%6>1)
n = {0:n,1:n-1,2:n+4,3:n+3,4:n+2,5:n+1}[n%6]
sieve = [True] * (n//3)
sieve[0] = False
for i in range(int(n**0.5)//3+1):
if sieve[i]:
k=3*i+1|1
sieve[ ((k*k)//3) ::2*k]=[False]*((n//6-(k*k)//6-1)//k+1)
sieve[(k*k+4*k-2*k*(i&1))//3::2*k]=[False]*((n//6-(k*k+4*k-2*k*(i&1))//6-1)//k+1)
return [2,3] + [3*i+1|1 for i in range(1,n//3-correction) if sieve[i]]
from itertools import compress
def rwh_primes1v1(n):
""" Returns a list of primes < n for n > 2 """
sieve = bytearray([True]) * (n//2)
for i in range(3,int(n**0.5)+1,2):
if sieve[i//2]:
sieve[i*i//2::i] = bytearray((n-i*i-1)//(2*i)+1)
return [2,*compress(range(3,n,2), sieve[1:])]
def rwh_primes1v2(n):
""" Returns a list of primes < n for n > 2 """
sieve = bytearray([True]) * (n//2+1)
for i in range(1,int(n**0.5)//2+1):
if sieve[i]:
sieve[2*i*(i+1)::2*i+1] = bytearray((n//2-2*i*(i+1))//(2*i+1)+1)
return [2,*compress(range(3,n,2), sieve[1:])]
noprimes = [j for i in range(2, 8) for j in range(i*2, 50, i)]
primes = [x for x in range(2, 50) if x not in noprimes]
import numpy as np
def generate_primes(n):
is_prime = np.ones(n+1,dtype=bool)
is_prime[0:2] = False
for i in range(int(n**0.5)+1):
if is_prime[i]:
is_prime[i**2::i]=False
return np.where(is_prime)[0]
import time
for i in range(2,10):
timer =time.time()
generate_primes(10**i)
print('n = 10^',i,' time =', round(time.time()-timer,6))
>> n = 10^ 2 time = 5.6e-05
>> n = 10^ 3 time = 6.4e-05
>> n = 10^ 4 time = 0.000114
>> n = 10^ 5 time = 0.000593
>> n = 10^ 6 time = 0.00467
>> n = 10^ 7 time = 0.177758
>> n = 10^ 8 time = 1.701312
>> n = 10^ 9 time = 19.322478
from time import clock
import platform
def benchmark(iterations, limit):
start = clock()
for x in range(iterations):
half_sieve(limit)
end = clock() - start
print(f'{end/iterations:.4f} seconds for primes < {limit}')
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(platform.python_version())
print(platform.platform())
print(platform.processor())
it = 10
for pw in range(4, 9):
benchmark(it, 10**pw)
>>> 3.6.7
>>> Windows-10-10.0.17763-SP0
>>> Intel64 Family 6 Model 78 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel
>>> 0.0003 seconds for primes < 10000
>>> 0.0021 seconds for primes < 100000
>>> 0.0204 seconds for primes < 1000000
>>> 0.2389 seconds for primes < 10000000
>>> 2.6702 seconds for primes < 100000000
primes = []
for n in range(low, high + 1):
if all(n % i for i in primes):
primes.append(n)