Python 无法打印图形：打印时需要matplotlib

我能够生成*.dat文件：

vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof run --python test_sl.py 
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ls *.dat
mprofile_20151001035123.dat

但当我试图绘制图形时，它会说“绘制需要matplotlib”

我错过什么了吗

我正在评测的函数是run（），它位于：file_to_be_profiled.py中

#!/usr/bin/python

import time
import os, sys, commands
from memory_profiler import profile
from guppy import hpy

@profile
def run():
    d = {}
    l = []
    hp = hpy()
    before = hp.heap()

    d["k1"] = 'val1'
    d["k2"] = 10
    count = 0
    while (count < 9):
        l.append(count)
        print 'The count is:', count
        count = count + 1
    print "Good bye!"
    after = hp.heap()
    leftover = after - before
    print leftover

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(run())

---

我在ubuntu机器上运行。但apt get安装对我不起作用。然后我从源代码处进行了安装。但我也会犯同样的错误

apt get失败：

vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ sudo apt-get install -y python-matplotlib
[sudo] password for vikaskuk:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package python-matplotlib is not available, but is referred to by another package.

This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'python-matplotlib' has no installation candidate
vikask@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png
matplotlib is needed for plotting.

然后我尝试了pip安装。。。也没有通过：

vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ pip install matplotlib
Downloading/unpacking matplotlib
  Cannot fetch index base URL https://pypi.python.org/simple/
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement matplotlib
Cleaning up...
No distributions at all found for matplotlib
Storing debug log for failure in /home/vikaskuk/.pip/pip.log

最后，我尝试从源代码安装，似乎成功了：

vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ cd ../matplotlib
vikas@server:~/matplotlib$ cd matplotlib-master/

(virtualenv)vikaskuk@beehive:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ vi INSTALL
(virtualenv)vikaskuk@beehive:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ python setup.py build
============================================================================
Edit setup.cfg to change the build options

BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
            matplotlib: yes [1.5.dev1]
                python: yes [2.6.6 (r266:84292, Sep 15 2010, 16:22:56)  [GCC
                        4.4.5]]
              platform: yes [linux2]

REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES AND EXTENSIONS
                 numpy: yes [not found. pip may install it below.]
                   six: yes [using six version 1.5.2]
              dateutil: yes [using dateutil version 2.1]
                  pytz: yes [pytz was not found. pip will attempt to install
                        it after matplotlib.]
               tornado: yes [tornado was not found. It is required for the
                        WebAgg backend. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
             pyparsing: yes [pyparsing was not found. It is required for
                        mathtext support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
                libagg: yes [pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not
                        be found. Using local copy.]
              freetype: no  [The C/C++ header for freetype2 (ft2build.h)
                        could not be found.  You may need to install the
                        development package.]
                   png: no  [pkg-config information for 'libpng' could not
                        be found.]
                 qhull: yes [pkg-config information for 'qhull' could not be
                        found. Using local copy.]

OPTIONAL SUBPACKAGES
           sample_data: yes [installing]
              toolkits: yes [installing]
                 tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.0 / using mock 1.0.1]
        toolkits_tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.0 / using mock 1.0.1]

OPTIONAL BACKEND EXTENSIONS
                macosx: no  [Mac OS-X only]
                qt5agg: no  [PyQt5 not found]
                qt4agg: no  [PySide not found; PyQt4 not found]
               gtk3agg: no  [Requires pygobject to be installed.]
             gtk3cairo: no  [Requires cairocffi or pycairo to be installed.]
                gtkagg: no  [Requires pygtk]
                 tkagg: no  [The C/C++ header for Tk (tk.h) could not be
                        found.  You may need to install the development
                        package.]
                 wxagg: no  [requires wxPython]
                   gtk: no  [Requires pygtk]
                   agg: yes [installing]
                 cairo: no  [cairocffi or pycairo not found]
             windowing: no  [Microsoft Windows only]

OPTIONAL LATEX DEPENDENCIES
                dvipng: no
           ghostscript: yes [version 8.71]
                 latex: yes [version 3.1415926]
               pdftops: no

============================================================================
                        * The following required packages can not be built:
                        * freetype, png
(virtualenv)vikaskuk@beehive:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ python setup.py install
============================================================================
Edit setup.cfg to change the build options

BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
            matplotlib: yes [1.5.dev1]
                python: yes [2.6.6 (r266:84292, Sep 15 2010, 16:22:56)  [GCC
                        4.4.5]]
              platform: yes [linux2]

REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES AND EXTENSIONS
                 numpy: yes [not found. pip may install it below.]
                   six: yes [using six version 1.5.2]
              dateutil: yes [using dateutil version 2.1]
                  pytz: yes [pytz was not found. pip will attempt to install
                        it after matplotlib.]
               tornado: yes [tornado was not found. It is required for the
                        WebAgg backend. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
             pyparsing: yes [pyparsing was not found. It is required for
                        mathtext support. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                        install it after matplotlib.]
                libagg: yes [pkg-config information for 'libagg' could not
                        be found. Using local copy.]
              freetype: no  [The C/C++ header for freetype2 (ft2build.h)
                        could not be found.  You may need to install the
                        development package.]
                   png: no  [pkg-config information for 'libpng' could not
                        be found.]
                 qhull: yes [pkg-config information for 'qhull' could not be
                        found. Using local copy.]

OPTIONAL SUBPACKAGES
           sample_data: yes [installing]
              toolkits: yes [installing]
                 tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.0 / using mock 1.0.1]
        toolkits_tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.0 / using mock 1.0.1]

OPTIONAL BACKEND EXTENSIONS
                macosx: no  [Mac OS-X only]
                qt5agg: no  [PyQt5 not found]
                qt4agg: no  [PySide not found; PyQt4 not found]
               gtk3agg: no  [Requires pygobject to be installed.]
             gtk3cairo: no  [Requires cairocffi or pycairo to be installed.]
                gtkagg: no  [Requires pygtk]
                 tkagg: no  [The C/C++ header for Tk (tk.h) could not be
                        found.  You may need to install the development
                        package.]
                 wxagg: no  [requires wxPython]
                   gtk: no  [Requires pygtk]
                   agg: yes [installing]
                 cairo: no  [cairocffi or pycairo not found]
             windowing: no  [Microsoft Windows only]

OPTIONAL LATEX DEPENDENCIES
                dvipng: no
           ghostscript: yes [version 8.71]
                 latex: yes [version 3.1415926]
               pdftops: no

============================================================================
                        * The following required packages can not be built:
                        * freetype, png

但当我试图绘制图表时，我碰到了最初的问题：

vikas@server:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ cd ../../memory_profiler-0.36
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png 
matplotlib is needed for plotting.

我成功地完成了apt-get-update（出现了一些防火墙问题，然后我成功地完成了：sudo-apt-get-install-y python-matplotlib）

但我在运行mprof时仍然遇到一些问题：

vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png
Using last profile data.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./mprof", line 494, in <module>
    actions[get_action()]()
  File "./mprof", line 454, in plot_action
    pl.figure(figsize=(14, 6), dpi=90)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 423, in figure
    **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 79, in new_figure_manager
    return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 87, in new_figure_manager_given_figure
    window = Tk.Tk()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1767, in __init__
    self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
_tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable

vikas@server：~/memory\u profiler-0.36$./mprof plot--output=plot.png
使用最后的配置文件数据。
回溯（最近一次呼叫最后一次）：
文件“/mprof”，第494行，在
操作[get_action（）]（）
文件“/mprof”，第454行，在绘图动作中
pl.图（figsize=（14,6），dpi=90）
文件“/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py”，图中第423行
**kwargs）
文件“/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend\u tkagg.py”，第79行，在新的图形管理器中
返回新的\u图形\u管理器\u给定的\u图形（num，figure）
文件“/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend\u tkagg.py”，第87行，在新的\u图\u管理器\u给定的\u图中
window=Tk.Tk（）
文件“/usr/lib/python2.7/lib tk/Tkinter.py”，第1767行，在__
self.tk=\u tkinter.create（屏幕名、基本名、类名、交互、wantobjects、useTk、同步、使用）
_tkinter.TclError:没有显示名称和$display环境变量

---

为什么我需要设置显示器？我正在ubuntu主机上工作。

您需要按照说明安装

matplotlib

您可以使用pip

pip安装matplotlib

（您可能需要在其前面加上

sudo

）或您的软件包管理器来执行此操作：

• sudo apt get安装-y python matplotlib

  在Debian、Ubuntu及其衍生物上

• sudo-yum安装-y python-matplotlib

  在RHEL、CentOS及其衍生产品上

---

我也有同样的问题。我使用memory_profiler lib键入以下命令 （

mprof运行runner.py

和

mprof plot

）并收到一条消息“打印需要matplotlib”
我试图按照我在这里找到的建议解决这个问题，但结果我通过完成以下简单步骤解决了这个问题：
• 删除与matplotlib连接的/usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/中的文件（也可以使用普通方式卸载matplotlib）

• 使用

  sudo-yum-builddep-python-matplotlib

  安装连接的软件包（已安装222个软件包，如果需要apt-get，则需要此命令：

  sudo-apt-get-build-dep-python-matplotlib

  ）

• 安装matplotlib

  sudo yum重新安装python matplotlib

  （或者使用install命令，使用apt get:

  sudo apt get安装python matplotlib

  ）

---

我相信这会有所帮助。
我在新安装的Ubuntu 16.04上也遇到了同样的问题。为了解决这个问题，我安装了如下SciPy：

sudopip安装scipy

我还必须像这样安装

tkinter

lib：

sudo-apt-get-install-python-tk

---

我想在过去的某个地方，matplotlib有

scipy

作为依赖项，但现在它只有numpy，而

mprof plot

需要

scipy
在conda环境中，matplotlib:3.0.1似乎与python 3.7不兼容。
无法正确执行df.plot（）命令，显示“ImportError:打印需要matplotlib”，但实际上已安装matplotlib

我尝试将matplotlib降级到3.0.0，然后一切都很好

康达安装-n[你的康达环境]matplotlib==3.0.0
我正在ubuntu机器上运行。但apt get安装对我不起作用。然后我从源代码处进行了安装。用我所做的步骤编辑问题。@vikas确保您解释了为什么
apt get install
不适合您。是否有错误消息？我的组织中可能存在某种防火墙。。。这就是apt get失败的原因。因此，我尝试了源代码安装，看起来成功了。但是，原来的问题仍然存在。请看我原来的问题。。。。我现在已经用我所做的一切进行了编辑。@vikas否，源代码安装失败（请参见输出的结尾）。在运行
apt get install
之前，请尝试运行
sudo apt get update
。你需要让
apt-get
在某个时刻起作用，因为你缺少了
matplotlib
的许多依赖项，
apt-get
实际上是获得它们的唯一方法。成功后apt-get-update我能够安装matplotlib。。。但mprof仍然抱怨显示器。请看一下原来的问题。我引用了我得到的错误。实际上，您从源代码构建的版本也没有成功。您的计算机上没有安装
freetype
或
libpng
，因此matplotlib无法生成
pip安装
遇到了一个单独的问题（你是在防火墙后面吗？），但很快就会遇到同样的问题。我不知道为什么通过软件包管理器进行安装时会遇到问题，但请先安装
libfreetype6 dev
、
libpng dev
、以及
python tk
，然后您应该能够从源代码进行构建。
vikas@server:~/matplotlib/matplotlib-master$ cd ../../memory_profiler-0.36
vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png 
matplotlib is needed for plotting.

vikas@server:~/memory_profiler-0.36$ ./mprof plot --output=plot.png
Using last profile data.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./mprof", line 494, in <module>
    actions[get_action()]()
  File "./mprof", line 454, in plot_action
    pl.figure(figsize=(14, 6), dpi=90)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 423, in figure
    **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 79, in new_figure_manager
    return new_figure_manager_given_figure(num, figure)
  File "/usr/lib/pymodules/python2.7/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 87, in new_figure_manager_given_figure
    window = Tk.Tk()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 1767, in __init__
    self.tk = _tkinter.create(screenName, baseName, className, interactive, wantobjects, useTk, sync, use)
_tkinter.TclError: no display name and no $DISPLAY environment variable