User interface 分割窗格gui对象
我开发gui已经有一段时间了，这需要创建Mathematica所缺少的通用控制对象（例如spinner、treeview、openerbar等）。一种是多面板，即分为两个（或更多）子面板的窗格对象，可通过鼠标设置分隔符。这是我的双窗格版本。我想听听你的意见和想法，关于如何扩展它，不仅处理2个，而且处理任意数量的子平面，以及如何优化它。目前，对于重负载的子面板，它严重滞后，不知道为什么User interface 分割窗格gui对象,user-interface,wolfram-mathematica,User Interface,Wolfram Mathematica,我开发gui已经有一段时间了，这需要创建Mathematica所缺少的通用控制对象（例如spinner、treeview、openerbar等）。一种是多面板，即分为两个（或更多）子面板的窗格对象，可通过鼠标设置分隔符。这是我的双窗格版本。我想听听你的意见和想法，关于如何扩展它，不仅处理2个，而且处理任意数量的子平面，以及如何优化它。目前，对于重负载的子面板，它严重滞后，不知道为什么 Options[SplitPane] = {Direction -> "Vertical", Di
Options[SplitPane] = {Direction -> "Vertical",
DividerWidth -> Automatic, Paneled -> {True, True}};
SplitPane[opts___?OptionQ] :=
Module[{dummy}, SplitPane[Dynamic[dummy], opts]];
SplitPane[val_, opts___?OptionQ] := SplitPane[val, {"", ""}, opts];
SplitPane[val_, content_, opts___?OptionQ] :=
SplitPane[val, content, {100, 50}, opts];
SplitPane[Dynamic[split_, arg___], {expr1_, expr2_}, {maxX_, maxY_},
opts___?OptionQ] :=
DynamicModule[{temp, dir, d, panel, coord, max, fix, val},
{dir, d, panel} = {Direction, DividerWidth, Paneled} /. {opts} /.
Options[SplitPane];
dir = dir /. {Bottom | Top | "Vertical" -> "Vertical", _ ->
"Horizontal"};
d = d /. Automatic -> 2;
split = If[NumberQ[split], split, max/2];
val = Clip[split /. {_?NumberQ -> split, _ -> maxX/2}, {0, maxX}];
{coord, max, fix} =
Switch[dir, "Vertical", {First, maxX, maxY},
"Horizontal", {(max - Last[#]) &, maxY, maxX}];
panel = (# /. {None | False ->
Identity, _ -> (Panel[#, ImageMargins -> 0,
FrameMargins -> -1] &)}) & /@ panel;
Grid[If[dir === "Vertical",
{{
Dynamic[
panel[[1]]@
Pane[expr1, ImageSize -> {split - d, fix},
ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable", Scrollbars -> Automatic,
AppearanceElements -> None], TrackedSymbols :> {split}],
Deploy@EventHandler[
MouseAppearance[
Pane[Null, ImageSize -> {d*2, fix}, ImageMargins -> -1,
FrameMargins -> -1], "FrameLRResize"],
"MouseDown" :> (temp =
coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
split =
If[Abs[temp - split] <= d \[And] 0 <= temp <= max, temp,
split]),
"MouseDragged" :> (temp =
coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
split = If[0 <= temp <= max, temp, split])],
Dynamic@
panel[[2]]@
Pane[expr2, ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable",
Scrollbars -> Automatic, AppearanceElements -> None,
ImageSize -> {max - split - d, fix}]
}},
{
List@
Dynamic[panel[[1]]@
Pane[expr1, ImageSize -> {fix, split - d},
ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable", Scrollbars -> Automatic,
AppearanceElements -> None], TrackedSymbols :> {split}],
List@Deploy@EventHandler[
MouseAppearance[
Pane[Null, ImageSize -> {fix, d*2}, ImageMargins -> -1,
FrameMargins -> -1], "FrameTBResize"],
"MouseDown" :> (temp =
coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
split =
If[Abs[temp - split] <= d \[And] 0 <= temp <= max, temp,
split]),
"MouseDragged" :> (temp =
coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
split = If[0 <= temp <= max, temp, split])],
List@
Dynamic[panel[[2]]@
Pane[expr2, ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable",
Scrollbars -> Automatic,
ImageSize -> {fix, max - split - d},
AppearanceElements -> None], TrackedSymbols :> {split}]
}
], Spacings -> {0, -.1}]
];
SplitPane[val_, arg___] /; NumberQ[val] :=
Module[{x = val}, SplitPane[Dynamic[x], arg]];
pos = 300;
SplitPane[
Dynamic[pos], {Manipulate[
Plot[Sin[x (1 + a x)], {x, 0, 6}], {a, 0, 2}],
Factorial[123]}, {500, 300}]
Options[SplitPane]={Direction->“Vertical”，
DividerWidth->Automatic，Paneled->{True，True}；
拆分窗格[选项Q]：=
模块[{dummy}，拆分窗格[Dynamic[dummy]，opts]]；
SplitPane[val，opts，OptionQ]：=SplitPane[val，{，“，”}，opts]；
拆分窗格[值、内容、选项]:
SplitPane[val，content，{100，50}，opts]；
SplitPane[Dynamic[split_uu，arg_uu]，{expr1_u，expr2_u}，{maxX_u，maxY_u}，
选项Q]：=
动态模块[{temp，dir，d，panel，coord，max，fix，val}，
{dir，d，panel}={Direction，DividerWidth，Paneled}/{opts}/。
选项[拆分窗格]；
dir=dir/{Bottom | Top |“Vertical”->“Vertical”，124;->
“水平”}；
d=d/。自动->2；
拆分=如果[NumberQ[split]，拆分，最大值/2]；
val=Clip[split/{{uu？NumberQ->split，{ux->maxX/2}，{0，maxX}]；
{coord，max，fix}=
开关[dir，“Vertical”{First，maxX，maxY}，
“水平”{（max-Last[#]&，maxY，maxX}]；
面板=（#/。{None | False->
标识，->（面板[#，图像边距->0，
框架边距->-1]&）}和/@面板；
网格[如果[dir==”垂直“，
{{
动态的[
小组[[1]]@
窗格[expr1，ImageSize->{split-d，fix}，
ImageSizeAction->“可滚动”，滚动条->自动，
AppearanceElements->None]，跟踪符号：>{split}]，
Deploy@EventHandler[
鼠标外观[
窗格[Null，ImageSize->{d*2，fix}，ImageMargins->-1，
FrameMargins->-1]，“FramelResize”]，
“鼠标向下”：>（温度=
coord@MousePosition@“细胞含量溶质”；
拆分=
如果[Abs[temp-split]{max-split-d，fix}]
}},
{
名单@
动态[面板[[1]]@
窗格[expr1，ImageSize->{fix，split-d}，
ImageSizeAction->“可滚动”，滚动条->自动，
AppearanceElements->None]，跟踪符号：>{split}]，
List@Deploy@事件处理程序[
鼠标外观[
窗格[Null，ImageSize->{fix，d*2}，ImageMargins->-1，
框架边距->-1]，“框架大小调整”]，
“鼠标向下”：>（温度=
coord@MousePosition@“细胞含量溶质”；
拆分=
如果[Abs[temp-split]None]，则TrackedSymbols:>{split}]
}
]，间距->{0，-.1}]
];
拆分窗格[val，arg]/；编号q[val]：=
模块[{x=val}，拆分窗格[Dynamic[x]，arg]]；
pos=300；
拆分窗格[
动态[pos]，{操作[
图[Sin[x（1+ax）]，{x，0，6}]，{a，0，2}]，
阶乘[123]}，{500300}]
将多个面板通用化的关键是重构代码。在目前的形式下，虽然非常好，但它将可视化/UI原语和选项与拆分逻辑混合在一起，并且有大量重复的代码。这使得通用化很难。以下是重构版本：
ClearAll[SplitPane];
Options[SplitPane] = {
Direction -> "Vertical", DividerWidth -> Automatic, Paneled -> True
};
SplitPane[opts___?OptionQ] := Module[{dummy}, SplitPane[Dynamic[dummy], opts]];
SplitPane[val_, opts___?OptionQ] := SplitPane[val, {"", ""}, opts];
SplitPane[val_, content_, opts___?OptionQ] :=
SplitPane[val, content, {100, 50}, opts];
SplitPane[sp_List, {cont__}, {maxX_, maxY_}, opts___?OptionQ] /;
Length[sp] == Length[Hold[cont]] - 1 :=
Module[{scrollablePane, dividerPane, onMouseDownCode, onMouseDraggedCode, dynPane,
gridArg, split, divider, panel},
With[{paneled = Paneled /. {opts} /. Options[SplitPane],len = Length[Hold[cont]]},
Which[
TrueQ[paneled ],
panel = Table[True, {len}],
MatchQ[paneled, {Repeated[(True | False), {len}]}],
panel = paneled,
True,
Message[SplitPane::badopt]; Return[$Failed, Module]
]
];
DynamicModule[{temp, dir, d, coord, max, fix, val},
{dir, d} = {Direction, DividerWidth}/.{opts}/.Options[SplitPane];
dir = dir /. {
Bottom | Top | "Vertical" -> "Vertical", _ -> "Horizontal"
};
d = d /. Automatic -> 2;
val = Clip[sp /. {_?NumberQ -> sp, _ -> maxX/2}, {0, maxX}];
{coord, max, fix} =
Switch[dir,
"Vertical",
{First, maxX, maxY},
"Horizontal",
{(max - Last[#]) &, maxY, maxX}
];
Do[split[i] = sp[[i]], {i, 1, Length[sp]}];
split[Length[sp] + 1] = max - Total[sp] - 2*d*Length[sp];
panel =
(# /. {
None | False -> Identity,
_ -> (Panel[#, ImageMargins -> 0,FrameMargins -> -1] &)
}) & /@ panel;
scrollablePane[args___] :=
Pane[args, ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable",
Scrollbars -> Automatic, AppearanceElements -> None];
dividerPane[size : {_, _}] :=
Pane[Null, ImageSize -> size, ImageMargins -> -1,FrameMargins -> -1];
onMouseDownCode[n_] :=
Module[{old},
temp = coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
If[Abs[temp - split[n]] <= d \[And] 0 <= temp <= max,
old = split[n];
split[n] = temp-Sum[split[i], {i, n - 1}];
split[n + 1] += old - split[n];
]];
onMouseDraggedCode[n_] :=
Module[{old},
temp = coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
If[0 <= temp <= max,
old = split[n];
split[n] = temp -Sum[split[i], {i, n - 1}];
split[n + 1] += old - split[n];
] ;
];
SetAttributes[dynPane, HoldFirst];
dynPane[expr_, n_, size_] :=
panel[[n]]@scrollablePane[expr, ImageSize -> size];
divider[n_, sizediv_, resizeType_] :=
Deploy@EventHandler[
MouseAppearance[dividerPane[sizediv], resizeType],
"MouseDown" :> onMouseDownCode[n],
"MouseDragged" :> onMouseDraggedCode[n]
];
SetAttributes[gridArg, HoldAll];
gridArg[{content__}, sizediv_, resizeType_, sizeF_] :=
Module[{myHold, len = Length[Hold[content]] },
SetAttributes[myHold, HoldAll];
List @@ Map[
Dynamic,
Apply[Hold,
MapThread[Compose,
{
Range[len] /. {
len :>
Function[
exp,
myHold[dynPane[exp, len, sizeF[len]]],
HoldAll
],
n_Integer :>
Function[exp,
myHold[dynPane[exp, n, sizeF[n]],
divider[n, sizediv, resizeType]
],
HoldAll]
},
Unevaluated /@ Unevaluated[{content}]
}] (* MapThread *)
] /. myHold[x__] :> x
] (* Map *)
]; (* Module *)
(* Output *)
Grid[
If[dir === "Vertical",
List@ gridArg[{cont}, {d*2, fix},"FrameLRResize",{split[#] - d, fix} &],
(* else *)
List /@ gridArg[{cont}, {fix, d*2},"FrameTBResize", {fix, split[#] - d} &]
],
Spacings -> {0, -.1}]]];
SplitPane[val_, arg___] /; NumberQ[val] :=
Module[{x = val}, SplitPane[Dynamic[x], arg]];
我有点犹豫是否要添加此注释，但必须指出的是，我上面的解决方案在工作时显示了一种被专业UI mma程序员认为是不好的做法。即，它在
模块内部使用模块生成的变量动态内部到模块（尤其是上述代码中的split
，以及各种辅助功能）。我使用它的原因是，我无法仅使用动态模块
-生成的变量，再加上模块
-生成的变量以前一直对我有效。但是，请参阅John Fultz在MathGroup thread中的帖子，他在帖子中指出，应该避免这种做法。大量基于Leonid的解决方案，这是我的版本。我已经应用了一些更改，基本上是为了更容易跟踪动态大小更改，因为我只是没有将Leonid的部分代码内部化
所作的修改：
- 删除了
DividerWidth
选项，现在用户无法设置它。它没有那么重要
- 最大水平尺寸（
maxX
在上面的文章中）被删除，因为它现在是根据用户指定的面板宽度值计算的：w
- 第一个参数（
w
，主要的动态变量）明确地保存面板的宽度，而不是保存分隔器的位置。此外，它是一个列表（w[[n]]
），而不是一个函数（正如Leonid版本中的split[n]
）
- 添加了最小化/还原按钮到分割器
- 分隔器移动受限：分隔器只能从其左侧移动到其右侧邻接处，不能进一步移动
- 微调分隔器宽度，
图像边距
，帧边距
，间距
，以允许零尺寸窗格
有待解决的问题：
- 当最小化/最大化divi时
SplitPane[{300, 300},
{
Manipulate[Plot[Sin[x (1 + a x)], {x, 0, 6}], {a, 0, 2}],
Factorial[123],
CompleteGraph[5]
}, {900, 300}]
ClearAll[SplitPane];
Options[SplitPane] = {Direction -> "Vertical", Paneled -> True};
SplitPane[opts___?OptionQ] :=
Module[{dummy = {200, 200}}, SplitPane[Dynamic[dummy], opts]];
SplitPane[val_, opts___?OptionQ] := SplitPane[val, {"", ""}, opts];
SplitPane[val_, content_, opts___?OptionQ] :=
SplitPane[val, content, Automatic, opts];
SplitPane[Dynamic[w_], cont_, s_, opts___?OptionQ] :=
DynamicModule[{
scrollPane, divPane, onMouseDownCode, onMouseDraggedCode, grid,
dir, panel, bg, coord, mouse, icon, sizeD, sizeB,
num, old, pos, origo, temp, max, prev, state, fix},
{dir, panel} = {Direction, Paneled} /. {opts} /. Options@SplitPane;
dir = dir /. {Bottom | Top | "Vertical" -> "Vertical", _ ->
"Horizontal"};
bg = panel /. {None | False -> GrayLevel@.9, _ -> None};
panel =
panel /. {None | False ->
None, _ -> {RGBColor[0.70588, 0.70588, 0.70588]}}; (*
Simulate Panel-like colors on the frame. *)
fix = s /. {Automatic -> If[dir === "Vertical", 300, 800]};
(* {coordinate function, mouse cursor, button icon, divider size,
button size} *)
{coord, mouse, icon, sizeD, sizeB} = Switch[dir,
"Vertical", {First,
"FrameLRResize", {"\[RightPointer]", "\[LeftPointer]"}, {5,
fix}, {5, 60}},
"Horizontal", {(max - Last@#) &,
"FrameTBResize", {"\[DownPointer]", "\[UpPointer]"}, {fix,
7}, {60, 7}}
];
SetAttributes[{scrollPane, grid}, HoldAll];
(* Framed is required below becase otherwise the horizontal \
version of scrollPane cannot be set to zero height. *)
scrollPane[expr_, size_] :=
Framed[Pane[expr, Scrollbars -> Automatic,
AppearanceElements -> None, ImageSizeAction -> "Scrollable",
ImageMargins -> 0, FrameMargins -> 0, ImageSize -> size],
FrameStyle -> panel, ImageMargins -> 0, FrameMargins -> 0,
ImageSize -> size];
divPane[n_] :=
Deploy@EventHandler[MouseAppearance[Framed[
Item[Button[Dynamic@If[state[[n]], First@icon, Last@icon],
If[state[[n]], prev[[n]] = w;
w[[n]] = max - Sum[w[[i]], {i, n - 1}];
Do[w[[i]] = 0, {i, n + 1, num}]; state[[n]] = False;,
w = prev[[n]]; state[[n]] = True;]
, ContentPadding -> False, ImageSize -> sizeB,
FrameMargins -> 0, ImageMargins -> -1,
Appearance -> "Palette"], Alignment -> {Center, Center}]
, ImageSize -> sizeD, FrameStyle -> None, ImageMargins -> 0,
FrameMargins -> 0, Background -> bg], mouse],
"MouseDown" :> onMouseDownCode@n,
"MouseDragged" :> onMouseDraggedCode@n, PassEventsDown -> True];
onMouseDownCode[n_] := (
old = {w[[n]], w[[n + 1]]};
origo = coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute";
);
onMouseDraggedCode[n_] := (
temp = coord@MousePosition@"CellContentsAbsolute" - origo;
w[[n]] = Min[Max[0, First@old + temp], Total@old];
w[[n + 1]] = Total@old - w[[n]];
);
(* Framed is required below because it gives the expression \
margins. Otherwise,
if the scrollPane is set with larger than 0 FrameMargins,
they cannot be shrinked to zero width. *)
grid[content_, size_] :=
Riffle[MapThread[
Dynamic[scrollPane[Framed[#1, FrameStyle -> None], size@#2],
TrackedSymbols :> {w}] &, {content, Range@Length@w}],
Dynamic[divPane@#, TrackedSymbols :> {w}] & /@
Range@((Length@w) - 1)];
Deploy@Grid[If[dir === "Vertical",
List@grid[cont, {w[[#]], fix} &],
List /@ grid[cont, {fix, w[[#]]} &]
], Spacings -> {0, -.1},
ItemSize -> {{Table[0, {Length@w}]}, {Table[0, {Length@w}]}}],
Initialization :> (
(* w = width data list for all panels *)
(* m = number of panels *)
(* state = button states *)
(* prev = previous state of w *)
(* max = total width of all panels *)
num = Length@w; state = True & /@ Range@num;
prev = w & /@ Range@num; max = Total@w;)
];
SplitPane[val_,
arg___] /; (Head@val === List \[And] And @@ (NumberQ /@ val)) :=
Module[{x = val}, SplitPane[Dynamic@x, arg]];
w = {200, 50, 100, 300};
SplitPane[
Dynamic@w, {Manipulate[Plot[Sin[x (1 + a x)], {x, 0, 6}], {a, 0, 2}],
Null, CompleteGraph[5], "121234"}]
SplitPane[{50, 50, 50,
50}, {Manipulate[Plot[Sin[x (1 + a x)], {x, 0, 6}], {a, 0, 2},
ContentSize -> 300], Null, CompleteGraph[5], "121234"},
Direction -> "Horizontal"]
xpane = {200, 300};
ypane = {200, 50};
SplitPane[Dynamic@xpane, {
Manipulate[Plot[Sin[x (1 + a x)], {x, 0, 6}], {a, 0, 2}],
Dynamic[
SplitPane[Dynamic@ypane, {CompleteGraph[5], "status"}, Last@xpane,
Paneled -> False, Direction -> "Horizontal"],
TrackedSymbols :> {xpane}]
}, 300, Direction -> "Vertical"]