Java PowerMock&；Mockito似乎无法很快模拟静态字段

我目前正试图在我们的项目中引入单元测试，以便测试与给定API的交互。不幸的是，这个API非常陈旧和丑陋，并且包含一些奇怪的东西（比如实现）：-（。在我们的代码中，我们使用类A的对象

public class A {
     static B b = new B();
     public int foo(){return 666;}
}

正如您所看到的，这个类包含一个静态字段b，在初始化时填充了类b的新实例。但是，在测试环境中不可能构造类b。它只在生产环境中工作。让我们用类似这样的方式来模拟它

public class B {
    B(){
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }
}

在我的测试中，我需要测试我的代码与类A的交互，因为这是我与API的契约，并且还包含一些有用的方法（本例中为foo（）），但是我甚至在模拟实例方面都失败了

这是我试过的

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;


@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({A.class,B.class})
public class ATest {

    @Mock
    A a;

    @Mock
    B b;

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        PowerMockito.whenNew(B.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(b);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldBeCorrectlyInitialized() throws Exception {
        PowerMockito.whenNew(A.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(a);
        A shouldBeMock = new A();
        Assert.assertEquals(a,shouldBeMock);
    }
} 

但在我看来，模仿类B实例化的定义在@BeforeClass中太晚了（我不知道如何更快地完成），因为B字段是在应用@PrepareForTest注释时分配的（显然是在执行@BeforeClass方法之前），因此使用了“实”构造函数

你知道如何克服这个问题吗

最后，这里是测试执行的堆栈跟踪

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedSerializationConstructorAccessor6.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
    at org.objenesis.instantiator.sun.SunReflectionFactoryInstantiator.newInstance(SunReflectionFactoryInstantiator.java:45)
    at org.objenesis.ObjenesisBase.newInstance(ObjenesisBase.java:73)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.instance.ObjenesisInstantiator.newInstance(ObjenesisInstantiator.java:14)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.repackaged.ClassImposterizer.createProxy(ClassImposterizer.java:149)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.repackaged.ClassImposterizer.imposterise(ClassImposterizer.java:64)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.createMethodInvocationControl(DefaultMockCreator.java:121)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.createMock(DefaultMockCreator.java:69)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.mock(DefaultMockCreator.java:46)
    at org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.mock(PowerMockito.java:201)
    at org.powermock.api.extension.listener.AnnotationEnabler.standardInject(AnnotationEnabler.java:118)
    at org.powermock.api.extension.listener.AnnotationEnabler.beforeTestMethod(AnnotationEnabler.java:63)
    at org.powermock.tests.utils.impl.PowerMockTestNotifierImpl.notifyBeforeTestMethod(PowerMockTestNotifierImpl.java:82)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:308)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTestInSuper(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:131)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.access$100(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:59)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner$TestExecutorStatement.evaluate(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:147)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.evaluateStatement(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:107)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:82)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:298)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest(MethodRoadie.java:87)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:50)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.invokeTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:218)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.runMethods(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:160)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$1.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:134)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:136)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.run(JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.java:121)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.run(AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.java:57)
    at org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner.run(PowerMockRunner.java:59)
    at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:128)
    at org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild(Suite.java:27)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
    at s.a.B.<init>(B.java:7)
    at s.a.A.<clinit>(A.java:10)
    ... 45 more

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializeError
位于sun.reflect.GeneratedSerializationConstructorAccessor6.newInstance（未知源）
位于java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance（Constructor.java:423）
位于org.objenesis.instantiator.sun.SunReflectionFactoryInstantiator.newInstance（SunReflectionFactoryInstantiator.java:45）
位于org.objenesis.ObjenesisBase.newInstance（ObjenesisBase.java:73）
位于org.mockito.internal.creation.instance.ObjenesisInstantiator.newInstance（ObjenesisInstantiator.java:14）
位于org.powermock.api.mockito.repacked.ClassImposterizer.createProxy（ClassImposterizer.java:149）
位于org.powermock.api.mockito.repacked.ClassImposterizer.importise（ClassImposterizer.java:64）
位于org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.createMethodInvocationControl（DefaultMockCreator.java:121）
位于org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.createMock（DefaultMockCreator.java:69）
位于org.powermock.api.mockito.internal.mockcreation.DefaultMockCreator.mock（DefaultMockCreator.java:46）
位于org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.mock（PowerMockito.java:201）
位于org.powermock.api.extension.listener.AnnotationEnabler.standardInject（AnnotationEnabler.java:118）
位于org.powermock.api.extension.listener.AnnotationEnabler.beforeTestMethod（AnnotationEnabler.java:63）
位于org.powermock.tests.utils.impl.PowerMockTestNotifierImpl.notifyBeforeTestMethod（PowerMockTestNotifierImpl.java:82）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.executeTest（PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:308）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTestInSuper（PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:131）
在org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.access$100（PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:59）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner$TestExecutorStatement.evaluate（PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:147）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.evaluateStatement（PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:107）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit47MethodRunner.executeTest（PowerMockJUnit47RunnerDelegateImpl.java:82）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runbeforesthenTesttheAfter（PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:298）
位于org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest（MethodRoadie.java:87）
位于org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run（MethodRoadie.java:50）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.powermockjunit44runnerdelegateinpl.invokeTestMethod（powermockjunit44runnerdelegateinpl.java:218）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.powermockjunit44runnerdelegateinpl.runMethods（powermockjunit44runnerdelegateinpl.java:160）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.powermockjunit44runnerdelegateinpl$1.run（powermockjunit44runnerdelegateinpl.java:134）
位于org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected（ClassRoadie.java:34）
位于org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected（ClassRoadie.java:44）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.powermockjunit44runnerdelegateinpl.run（powermockjunit44runnerdelegateinpl.java:136）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.run（JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.java:121）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.run（AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.java:57）
位于org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner.run（PowerMockRunner.java:59）
位于org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild（Suite.java:128）
位于org.junit.runners.Suite.runChild（Suite.java:27）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run（ParentRunner.java:290）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule（ParentRunner.java:71）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren（ParentRunner.java:288）
访问org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000（ParentRunner.java:58）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate（ParentRunner.java:268）
位于org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run（ParentRunner.java:363）
位于org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run（JUnitCore.java:137）
位于com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs（JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68）
在com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTe上
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
//@PrepareForTest({A.class,B.class})
public class ATest {

    //@Mock
    A a = PowerMockito.mock(A.class);

    //@Mock
    B b = PowerMockito.mock(B.class);

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        PowerMockito.whenNew(B.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(b);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldBeCorrectlyInitialized() throws Exception {
        PowerMockito.whenNew(A.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(a);
        A shouldBeMock = new A();
        Assert.assertEquals(a,shouldBeMock);
    }
}