Python 寻找三角形细分的最近邻
我有一个三角形的镶嵌,如图所示 给定细分中三角形的数量,我有一个Python 寻找三角形细分的最近邻,python,performance,graph-algorithm,triangulation,numba,Python,Performance,Graph Algorithm,Triangulation,Numba,我有一个三角形的镶嵌,如图所示 给定细分中三角形的数量,我有一个nx3x3数组,它存储每个三角形所有三个顶点的(X,y,z)坐标。我的目标是为每个三角形找到共享相同边的相邻三角形。这是一个复杂的部分是整个设置,我不重复邻居计数。也就是说,如果三角形j已被算作三角形i的邻居,则三角形i不应再次算作三角形j的邻居。这样,我希望有一个地图存储每个索引三角形的邻居列表。如果我从索引I中的一个三角形开始,那么索引I将有三个邻居,而所有其他邻居将有两个或更少。作为示例,假设我有一个存储三角形顶点的数组: i
nx3x3
数组,它存储每个三角形所有三个顶点的(X,y,z)
坐标。我的目标是为每个三角形找到共享相同边的相邻三角形。这是一个复杂的部分是整个设置,我不重复邻居计数。也就是说,如果三角形j
已被算作三角形i
的邻居,则三角形i
不应再次算作三角形j
的邻居。这样,我希望有一个地图存储每个索引三角形的邻居列表。如果我从索引I
中的一个三角形开始,那么索引I
将有三个邻居,而所有其他邻居将有两个或更少。作为示例,假设我有一个存储三角形顶点的数组:
import numpy as np
vertices = np.array([[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[3.0, 1.0, 2.0],[1.2, 2.5, -2.0]],
[[3.0, 1.0, 2.0],[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[1.2, -2.5, -2.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[3.0, 1.0, 2.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0],[4.0, 1.0, 0.0]],
[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0],[-4.0, 1.0, 0.0]]])
假设我从顶点索引2
开始计数,即带有顶点[[1.0,2.0,3.0],[2.0,1.0,3.0],[3.0,1.0,2.0]]
,那么,我希望我的输出类似于:
neighbour = [[], [], [0, 1, 3], [4, 5], [], []].
更新:
根据@Ajax1234的回答,我认为存储输出的一种好方法就像@Ajax1234所演示的那样。然而,输出中存在模糊性,从某种意义上说,不可能知道谁的邻居是谁。虽然示例数组不好,但我有一个来自二十面体的实际顶点,然后如果我从给定的三角形开始,我保证第一个有3个邻居,其余两个邻居(直到所有三角形计数耗尽)。在这方面,假设我有以下数组:
vertices1 = [[[2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2], [1, 2, -2]],
[[3, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, -2, 2]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 2, 1], [4, 1, 0]],
[[2, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1], [-4, 1, 0]],
[[3, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1], [-4, 1, 0]],
[[8, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, -2, 2]]]
下面@Ajax1234给出的答案中所示的BFS算法给出
[0, 1, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6]
[0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].
如果我只是交换最后一个元素的位置
vertices2 = [[[2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2], [1, 2, -2]],
[[3, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, -2, 2]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 2, 1], [4, 1, 0]],
[[8, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, -2, 2]],
[[2, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1], [-4, 1, 0]],
[[3, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1], [-4, 1, 0]]]
它的输出为
[0, 1, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6]
[0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].
这有点模棱两可,因为网格中的位置根本没有改变,只是交换了。因此,我希望有一个一致的方式进行搜索。例如,第一次搜索索引2处的邻居时,会为vertices1
和vertices2
提供[0,1,3]
,现在我希望搜索位于索引0处,它找不到任何内容,因此转到下一个元素1,应该为垂直项1找到索引7
,为垂直项2找到索引5
。因此,对于垂直1
和垂直2
,当前输出应分别为[0,1,3,7]
,[0,1,3,5]
。接下来我们进入索引3
,依此类推。在我们完成所有搜索之后,第一个的最终输出应该是
[0, 1, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6]
第二个应该是
[0, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 7].
实现这一点的有效方法是什么?您描述的过程类似于广度优先搜索,可用于查找相邻三角形。然而,输出仅仅给出了索引,因为不清楚空列表如何在最终输出中结束:
from collections import deque
d = [[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0], [3.0, 1.0, 2.0], [1.2, 2.5, -2.0]], [[3.0, 1.0, 2.0], [1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [1.2, -2.5, -2.0]], [[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [2.0, 1.0, 3.0], [3.0, 1.0, 2.0]], [[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [2.0, 1.0, 3.0], [2.2, 2.0, 1.0]], [[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [2.2, 2.0, 1.0], [4.0, 1.0, 0.0]], [[2.0, 1.0, 3.0], [2.2, 2.0, 1.0], [-4.0, 1.0, 0.0]]]
def bfs(d, start):
queue = deque([d[start]])
seen = [start]
results = []
while queue:
_vertices = queue.popleft()
exists_at = [i for i, a in enumerate(d) if a == _vertices][0]
current = [i for i, a in enumerate(d) if any(c in a for c in _vertices) and i != exists_at and i not in seen]
results.extend(current)
queue.extend([a for i, a in enumerate(d) if any(c in a for c in _vertices) and i != exists_at and i not in seen])
seen.extend(current)
return results
print(bfs(d, 2))
输出:
[0, 1, 3, 4, 5]
多亏@Ajax1234的指导,我找到了答案。根据比较列表元素的方式,有一点复杂。以下是一种工作方法:
import numpy as np
from collections import deque
import time
d = [[[2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2], [1, 2, -2]],
[[3, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, -2, 2]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 2, 1], [4, 1, 0]],
[[2, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1], [-4, 1, 0]],
[[3, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1], [-4, 1, 0]]]
def bfs(d, start):
queue = deque([d[start]])
seen = [start]
results = []
while queue:
_vertices = queue.popleft()
current = [[i, a] for i, a in enumerate(d) if len([x for x in a if x in _vertices])==2 and i not in seen]
if len(current)>0:
current_array = np.array(current, dtype=object)
current0 = list(current_array[:, 0])
current1 = list(current_array[:, 1])
results.extend(current0)
queue.extend(current1)
seen.extend(current0)
return results
time1 = time.time()
xo = bfs(d, 2)
print(time.time()-time1)
print(bfs(d, 2))
对于大小为(3000,3,3)
的数组,代码当前运行时间为18
秒。如果我添加@numba.jit(parallel=True,error\u model='numpy')
,那么实际上需要30秒。这可能是因为numba
不支持queue
。如果有人能建议如何加快代码的编写速度,我将非常高兴
更新
import trimesh
import numpy as np
vertices = np.array([[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[3.0, 1.0, 2.0],[1.2, 2.5, -2.0]],
[[3.0, 1.0, 2.0],[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[1.2, -2.5, -2.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[3.0, 1.0, 2.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0],[4.0, 1.0, 0.0]],
[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0],[-4.0, 1.0, 0.0]]])
#generate_faces
# I assume here that your input format is N x NPoints x xyz
faces=np.arange(vertices.shape[0]*3).reshape(-1,3)
#reshape_vertices (nx3)
vertices=vertices.reshape(-1,3)
#Create mesh object
mesh=trimesh.Trimesh(vertices=vertices, faces=faces)
# Set the tolerance to define which vertices are equal (default 1e-8)
# It is easy to prove that int(5)==int(5) but is 5.000000001 equal to 5.0 or not?
# This depends on the algorithm/ programm from which you have imported the mesh....
# To find a proper value for the tolerance and to heal the mesh if necessary, will
# likely be the most complicated part
trimesh.constants.tol.merge=tol
#merge the vertices
mesh.merge_vertices()
# At this stage you may need some sort of healing algorithm..
# eg. reconstruct the input
mesh.vertices[mesh.faces]
#get for example the faces, vertices
mesh.faces #These are indices to the vertices
mesh.vertices
# get the faces which touch each other on the edges
mesh.face_adjacency
代码中存在一些冗余,现在已被删除,对于大小为(4000 X 3 X 3)
的d
,代码运行时间为14
秒,而不是30
秒。仍然不是很出色,但进展不错,代码现在看起来更干净。如果您愿意使用该库,您可以利用它的快速bfs实现。我知道,添加另一个依赖项很烦人,但性能提升似乎很大,见下文
import numpy as np
from scipy import spatial
import networkx
vertices = np.array([[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[3.0, 1.0, 2.0],[1.2, 2.5, -2.0]],
[[3.0, 1.0, 2.0],[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[1.2, -2.5, -2.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[3.0, 1.0, 2.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0],[4.0, 1.0, 0.0]],
[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0],[-4.0, 1.0, 0.0]]])
vertices1 = np.array([[[2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2], [1, 2, -2]],
[[3, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, -2, 2]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 3], [3, 1, 2]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1]],
[[1, 2, 3], [2, 2, 1], [4, 1, 0]],
[[2, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1], [-4, 1, 0]],
[[3, 1, 3], [2, 2, 1], [-4, 1, 0]],
[[8, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [1, -2, 2]]])
def make(N=3000):
"""create a N random points and triangulate"""
points= np.random.uniform(-10, 10, (N, 3))
tri = spatial.Delaunay(points[:, :2])
return points[tri.simplices]
def bfs_tree(triangles, root=0, return_short=True):
"""convert triangle list to graph with vertices = triangles,
edges = pairs of triangles with shared edge and compute bfs tree
rooted at triangle number root"""
# use the old view as void trick to merge triplets, so they can
# for example be easily compared
tr_as_v = triangles.view(f'V{3*triangles.dtype.itemsize}').reshape(
triangles.shape[:-1])
# for each triangle write out its edges, this involves doubling the
# data becaues each vertex occurs twice
tr2 = np.concatenate([tr_as_v, tr_as_v], axis=1).reshape(-1, 3, 2)
# sort vertices within edges ...
tr2.sort(axis=2)
# ... and glue them together
tr2 = tr2.view(f'V{6*triangles.dtype.itemsize}').reshape(
triangles.shape[:-1])
# to find shared edges, sort them ...
idx = tr2.ravel().argsort()
tr2s = tr2.ravel()[idx]
# ... and then compare consecutive ones
pairs, = np.where(tr2s[:-1] == tr2s[1:])
assert np.all(np.diff(pairs) >= 2)
# these are the edges of the graph, the vertices are implicitly
# named 0, 1, 2, ...
edges = np.concatenate([idx[pairs,None]//3, idx[pairs+1,None]//3], axis=1)
# construct graph ...
G = networkx.Graph(edges.tolist())
# ... and let networkx do its magic
res = networkx.bfs_tree(G, root)
if return_short:
# sort by distance from root and then by actual path
sp = networkx.single_source_shortest_path(res, root)
sp = [sp[i] for i in range(len(sp))]
sp = [(len(p), p) for p in sp]
res = sorted(range(len(res.nodes)), key=sp.__getitem__)
return res
演示:
你可以用trimesh
这些函数通过源代码中的注释进行记录。一份普通的文档会非常好。
当我第一次使用它时,我也发现它并不是那么简单,但是如果你有基本的知识,它是一个强大且易于使用的软件包
我假设最大的问题是如何获得干净的网格定义。如果只有顶点坐标(如stl格式),可能会出现问题,因为没有很好地定义两个浮点数相等的点
示例
import trimesh
import numpy as np
vertices = np.array([[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[3.0, 1.0, 2.0],[1.2, 2.5, -2.0]],
[[3.0, 1.0, 2.0],[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[1.2, -2.5, -2.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[3.0, 1.0, 2.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0]],
[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0],[4.0, 1.0, 0.0]],
[[2.0, 1.0, 3.0],[2.2, 2.0, 1.0],[-4.0, 1.0, 0.0]]])
#generate_faces
# I assume here that your input format is N x NPoints x xyz
faces=np.arange(vertices.shape[0]*3).reshape(-1,3)
#reshape_vertices (nx3)
vertices=vertices.reshape(-1,3)
#Create mesh object
mesh=trimesh.Trimesh(vertices=vertices, faces=faces)
# Set the tolerance to define which vertices are equal (default 1e-8)
# It is easy to prove that int(5)==int(5) but is 5.000000001 equal to 5.0 or not?
# This depends on the algorithm/ programm from which you have imported the mesh....
# To find a proper value for the tolerance and to heal the mesh if necessary, will
# likely be the most complicated part
trimesh.constants.tol.merge=tol
#merge the vertices
mesh.merge_vertices()
# At this stage you may need some sort of healing algorithm..
# eg. reconstruct the input
mesh.vertices[mesh.faces]
#get for example the faces, vertices
mesh.faces #These are indices to the vertices
mesh.vertices
# get the faces which touch each other on the edges
mesh.face_adjacency
这提供了一个简单的二维阵列,其面共享一条边。我个人会使用这种格式进行进一步计算。如果你想坚持你的定义,我会创建一个nx3 numpy数组(每个三角形最多应该有3个边邻居)。缺少的值可以用NaN或其他有意义的东西来填充
如果您真的想这样做,我可以添加一种有效的方法。在邻居
列表中包含[]
的规则是什么?这意味着特定的索引三角形没有邻居。您可以使用trimesh。一般来说,我会将您的网格定义转换为顶点和面,这要稳定得多。@max9111我也在看同一个github包。对于软件包的哪一部分以及如何实现这一点,我有点困惑。但是,谢谢。空索引表示给定的索引没有邻居。在特定示例中,三角形0、三角形1、三角形5和三角形6没有邻居。在代码中,如何知道给定索引的邻居?现在很清楚,0,1,3是索引2的邻居,但我如何知道4,5是索引0或ind的邻居呢