Python 如何在此处更新词典列表？

我正在尝试使用更新的值更新

listy

；每一本都是字典的列表。对于更新中的每个值，如果

'name'

键和

'coverage'

键与

列表中的词典匹配，则我需要更新它。如果没有，则只需将该值附加到
listy
。“覆盖范围”的顺序不重要；只要名单相符

listy = [{'name':'Dan','coverage':[{'city':'Malibu','state':'California'}],'employees':'12'},
           {'name':'Emily','coverage':[{'city':'Boston','state':'Massachusetts'}],'employees':'8'},
           {'name':'Martin','coverage':[{'city':'Malibu','state':'California'},{'city':'San Antonio','state':'Texas'}],'employees':'5'},
           {'name':'Steve','coverage':[{'city':'Madison','state':'Wisconsin'},{'city':'Denver','state':'Colorado'}],'employees':'4'},
           {'name':'Steve','coverage':[{'city':'Madison','state':'Wisconsin'}],'employees':'3'},
           {'name':'Iris','coverage':[{'city':'Boise','state':'Idaho'}],'employees':'0'},
           {'name':'Axl','coverage':[{'city':'Omaha','state':'Nebraska'}],'employees':'4'},
           {'name':'Iris','coverage':[{'city':'New York','state':'New York'}],'employees':'7'},
           {'name':'Floyd','coverage':[{'city':'Denver','state':'Colorado'}],'employees':'3'},
           {'name':'Martin','employees':'5'}
           ]

  updated = [
             {'name':'Emily','coverage':[{'city':'Boston','state':'Massachusetts'}],'employees':'5'},
             {'name':'Dan','coverage':[{'city':'Malibu','state':'California'}],'employees':'13'},
             {'name':'Martin','coverage':[{'city':'San Antonio','state':'Texas'},{'city':'Malibu','state':'California'}],'employees':'7'},
             {'name':'Steve','coverage':[{'city':'Madison','state':'Wisconsin'}],'employees':'6'},
             {'name':'Steve','coverage':[{'city':'Chicago','state':'Illinois'}],'employees':'3'},
             {'name':'Steve','coverage':[{'city':'Denver','state':'Colorado'},{'city':'Madison','state':'Wisconsin'}],'employees':'8'},
             {'name':'Randall','coverage':[{'city':'Balmont','state':'Virginia'}],'employees':'12'},
             {'name':'Rachel','employees':'1'}
          ]




for u in updated:
    if 'coverage' in u:
      u['coverage'].sort()
      print 'Looking for:', u['name'],u['coverage']
      match = [x for x in listy if 'coverage' in x if x['name']==u['name'] and x['coverage'].sort()==u['coverage'].sort()]
    else:
      print 'Looking for:', u['name']
      match = [x for x in listy if 'coverage' not in x and x['name'] == u['name']]
    print 'Found:', match
    print '-------'

上述印刷品：

Looking for: Emily [{'city': 'Boston', 'state': 'Massachusetts'}]
Found: [{'employees': '8', 'name': 'Emily', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Boston', 'state': 'Massachusetts'}]}]
-------
Looking for: Dan [{'city': 'Malibu', 'state': 'California'}]
Found: [{'employees': '12', 'name': 'Dan', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Malibu', 'state': 'California'}]}]
-------
Looking for: Martin [{'city': 'Malibu', 'state': 'California'}, {'city': 'San Antonio', 'state': 'Texas'}]
Found: [{'employees': '5', 'name': 'Martin', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Malibu', 'state': 'California'}, {'city': 'San Antonio', 'state': 'Texas'}]}]
-------
Looking for: Steve [{'city': 'Madison', 'state': 'Wisconsin'}]
Found: [{'employees': '4', 'name': 'Steve', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Denver', 'state': 'Colorado'}, {'city': 'Madison', 'state': 'Wisconsin'}]}, {'employees': '3', 'name': 'Steve', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Madison', 'state': 'Wisconsin'}]}]
-------
Looking for: Steve [{'city': 'Chicago', 'state': 'Illinois'}]
Found: [{'employees': '4', 'name': 'Steve', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Denver', 'state': 'Colorado'}, {'city': 'Madison', 'state': 'Wisconsin'}]}, {'employees': '3', 'name': 'Steve', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Madison', 'state': 'Wisconsin'}]}]
-------
Looking for: Steve [{'city': 'Denver', 'state': 'Colorado'}, {'city': 'Madison', 'state': 'Wisconsin'}]
Found: [{'employees': '4', 'name': 'Steve', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Denver', 'state': 'Colorado'}, {'city': 'Madison', 'state': 'Wisconsin'}]}, {'employees': '3', 'name': 'Steve', 'coverage': [{'city': 'Madison', 'state': 'Wisconsin'}]}]
-------
Looking for: Randall [{'city': 'Balmont', 'state': 'Virginia'}]
Found: []
-------
Looking for: Rachel
Found: []
-------

正如你所看到的，史蒂夫有点混乱。即使
'coverage'
不匹配（即使我已经指定它们应该匹配），它也会在
列表中拾取每个
'Steve'
。即使我在列表中指定
len（x['coverage']）==len（u['coverage']）
，它仍然是混乱的。我做错了什么？此外，即使我确实纠正了错误，我也不知道如何用新值更新
listy
。
一个问题是，对现有列表进行操作并返回
None
，因此这并不是您想要的：

x['coverage'].sort() == u['coverage'].sort()

请看

其他一些想法和建议：

CV = 'coverage'
NM = 'name'

# If possible, make sure all of the data meets basic expectations.
# This simplifies other logic.
def normalize(bosses):
    for b in bosses:
        if CV not in b: b[CV] = []
        if NM not in b: b[NM] = None
        b[CV].sort()

normalize(listy)
normalize(updated)

def bosses_match(b1, b2):
    return b1[NM] == b2[NM] and b1[CV] == b2[CV]

for u in updated:
    matches = [i for i, x in enumerate(listy) if bosses_match(u, x)]
    if matches:
        for i in matches:
            listy[i] = u
    else:
        listy.append(u)

请注意，如果您的列表很大，您的方法将非常缓慢，因为您正在反复搜索主列表。更好的方法是使用一种数据结构，它允许您快速查找匹配项。至少，您可以按名称组织数据。然后，您对匹配项的搜索将在更小的空间内进行。例如：

from collections import defaultdict

lookup = defaultdict(list)
for i, b in enumerate(listy):
    lookup[b[NM]].append(i)     # Store the item, or the index.

如果名称和覆盖率匹配，我想用更新后的值更新listy。确定。即使我找到了匹配的，我下一步该怎么办？我正在尝试用更新的值更新listy。