Java 确定整数'；s的平方根是一个整数
我正在寻找最快的方法来确定Java 确定整数'；s的平方根是一个整数,java,math,optimization,perfect-square,Java,Math,Optimization,Perfect Square,我正在寻找最快的方法来确定long值是否为完美平方（即其平方根是另一个整数）： 通过使用内置的 功能，但我想知道是否有一种方法可以通过 将自己限制为仅限整数域 维护查找表是不切实际的（因为大约有 231.5个平方小于263的整数） 下面是我现在做这件事的简单明了的方法： public final static boolean isPerfectSquare(long n) { if (n < 0) return false; long tst = (long)(Math.
longpublic final static boolean isPerfectSquare(long n)
{
if (n < 0)
return false;
long tst = (long)(Math.sqrt(n) + 0.5);
return tst*tst == n;
}
public最终静态布尔值isPerfectSquare（长n）
{
if（n<0）
返回false；
长tst=（长）（数学sqrt（n）+0.5）；
返回tst*tst==n；
}
我尝试了不同的解决方案：
- 经过详尽的测试，我发现在Math.sqrt（）的结果中添加
是没有必要的，至少在我的机器上是没有必要的0.5 - 速度更快，但对于n>=410881，它给出了不正确的结果。然而，正如所建议的，我们可以对n<410881使用FISR hack
- 牛顿的方法比
慢了一点。这可能是因为Math.sqrt（）
使用了类似于牛顿方法的东西，但是在硬件中实现了，所以它比Java快得多。此外，牛顿的方法仍然需要使用双精度Math.sqrt（） - 一个改进的牛顿方法使用了一些技巧，只涉及整数数学，需要一些技巧来避免溢出（我希望这个函数能够处理所有正的64位有符号整数），它仍然比
慢math.sqrt（） - 二元切碎更慢。这是有意义的，因为二进制切分平均需要16次才能找到64位数字的平方根 <> LI>根据约翰的测试，C++中使用<代码>或语句比使用<代码>交换机更快，但在爪哇和C中，<>代码>或和<代码>开关 >没有区别。
- 我还尝试创建一个查找表（作为64个布尔值的私有静态数组）。然后，与switch或
或语句不同，我只想说if（lookup[（int）（n&0x3F）]{test}else返回false。令我惊讶的是，这（只是稍微）慢了一点。这是因为
float Q_rsqrt( float number )
{
long i;
float x2, y;
const float threehalfs = 1.5F;
x2 = number * 0.5F;
y = number;
i = * ( long * ) &y; // evil floating point bit level hacking
i = 0x5f3759df - ( i >> 1 ); // wtf?
y = * ( float * ) &i;
y = y * ( threehalfs - ( x2 * y * y ) ); // 1st iteration
// y = y * ( threehalfs - ( x2 * y * y ) ); // 2nd iteration, this can be removed
#ifndef Q3_VM
#ifdef __linux__
assert( !isnan(y) ); // bk010122 - FPE?
#endif
#endif
return y;
}
是用C++编写的，但是一旦你想到了：
，在java中重用同样的技术不太难。 我最初是在： 维基百科上解释了牛顿的方法： 你可以通过链接了解更多关于其工作原理的解释，但如果你不太在意，那么这大概就是我在阅读博客和参加数值分析课程时所记得的：
基本上是一个快速转换为long函数，因此可以对原始字节应用整数运算*（long*）&y0x5f3759df-（i>>1）行是近似函数的预计算种子值
将值转换回浮点*（float*）&i
行基本上再次在函数上迭代该值y=y*（三分之一-（x2*y*y））
这应该更快，因为它将原始平方根中的除法运算数量减少到一个简单的2除运算（实际上是一个
*0.5F(n+1)^2 = n^2 + 2n + 1
(n-1)^2 = n^2 - 2n + 1
n^2
：完成，返回truen^2=target
：虽然很接近，但并不完美：返回falsen^2+2n+1>目标>n^2
：同上n^2-2n+1
：在较低的targetn
：在较高的target>n^2+2n+1n
ntarget编辑：二进制切分不需要接受整个整数范围，或者
（2^x）^2=2^（2x）public final static boolean isPerfectSquare(long n)
{
if (n < 0)
return false;
switch((int)(n & 0xF))
{
case 0: case 1: case 4: case 9:
long tst = (long)Math.sqrt(n);
return tst*tst == n;
default:
return false;
}
}
int isPerfectSquare(int n)
{
int h = n & 0xF; // h is the last hex "digit"
if (h > 9)
return 0;
// Use lazy evaluation to jump out of the if statement as soon as possible
if (h != 2 && h != 3 && h != 5 && h != 6 && h != 7 && h != 8)
{
int t = (int) floor( sqrt((double) n) + 0.5 );
return t*t == n;
}
return 0;
}
boolean isPerfectSquare(long number)
{
if (number < 0) return false;
if (number < 2) return true;
for (int i = 0; ; i++)
{
long square = squareTable[i];
if (square > number) return false;
while (number % square == 0)
{
number /= square;
}
if (number == 1) return true;
}
}
m = N - (N & (N-1));
m = N & (N-1); // the lawest bit of N
N /= m;
byte = N & 0x0F;
if ((m % 2) || (byte !=1 && byte !=9))
return false;
m = N & (N-1); // the lawest bit of N
N /= m;
if ((m % 2) || (N & 0x07 != 1))
return false;
def isexactsqrt(v)
value = v.abs
residue = value
root = 0
onebit = 1
onebit <<= 8 while (onebit < residue)
onebit >>= 2 while (onebit > residue)
while (onebit > 0)
x = root + onebit
if (residue >= x) then
residue -= x
root = x + onebit
end
root >>= 1
onebit >>= 2
end
return (residue == 0)
end
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
typedef unsigned long long int llint;
class ISqrt { // Integer Square Root
llint value; // Integer whose square root is required
llint root; // Result: floor(sqrt(value))
llint residue; // Result: value-root*root
llint onebit, x; // Working bit, working value
public:
ISqrt(llint v = 2) { // Constructor
Root(v); // Take the root
};
llint Root(llint r) { // Resets and calculates new square root
value = r; // Store input
residue = value; // Initialise for subtracting down
root = 0; // Clear root accumulator
onebit = 1; // Calculate start value of counter
onebit <<= (8*sizeof(llint)-2); // Set up counter bit as greatest odd power of 2
while (onebit > residue) {onebit >>= 2; }; // Shift down until just < value
while (onebit > 0) {
x = root ^ onebit; // Will check root+1bit (root bit corresponding to onebit is always zero)
if (residue >= x) { // Room to subtract?
residue -= x; // Yes - deduct from residue
root = x + onebit; // and step root
};
root >>= 1;
onebit >>= 2;
};
return root;
};
llint Residue() { // Returns residue from last calculation
return residue;
};
};
int main() {
llint big, i, q, r, v, delta;
big = 0; big = (big-1); // Kludge for "big number"
ISqrt b; // Make q sqrt generator
for ( i = big; i > 0 ; i /= 7 ) { // for several numbers
q = b.Root(i); // Get the square root
r = b.Residue(); // Get the residue
v = q*q+r; // Recalc original value
delta = v-i; // And diff, hopefully 0
cout << i << ": " << q << " ++ " << r << " V: " << v << " Delta: " << delta << "\n";
};
return 0;
};
if( x < 0 || (x&2) || ((x & 7) == 5) || ((x & 11) == 8) )
return false;
if( x == 0 )
return true;int64 y = x;
y = (y & 4294967295LL) + (y >> 32);
y = (y & 65535) + (y >> 16);
y = (y & 255) + ((y >> 8) & 255) + (y >> 16);
// At this point, y is between 0 and 511. More code can reduce it farther.
if( bad255[y] )
return false;
// However, I just use a table of size 512
if((x & 4294967295LL) == 0)
x >>= 32;
if((x & 65535) == 0)
x >>= 16;
if((x & 255) == 0)
x >>= 8;
if((x & 15) == 0)
x >>= 4;
if((x & 3) == 0)
x >>= 2;
if((x & 7) != 1)
return false;
int64 t = 4, r = 1;
t <<= 1; r += ((x - r * r) & t) >> 1;
t <<= 1; r += ((x - r * r) & t) >> 1;
t <<= 1; r += ((x - r * r) & t) >> 1;
// Repeat until t is 2^33 or so. Use a loop if you want.
int64 r, t, z;
r = start[(x >> 3) & 1023];
do {
z = x - r * r;
if( z == 0 )
return true;
if( z < 0 )
return false;
t = z & (-z);
r += (z & t) >> 1;
if( r > (t >> 1) )
r = t - r;
} while( t <= (1LL << 33) );
typedef signed long long int int64;
int start[1024] =
{1,3,1769,5,1937,1741,7,1451,479,157,9,91,945,659,1817,11,
1983,707,1321,1211,1071,13,1479,405,415,1501,1609,741,15,339,1703,203,
129,1411,873,1669,17,1715,1145,1835,351,1251,887,1573,975,19,1127,395,
1855,1981,425,453,1105,653,327,21,287,93,713,1691,1935,301,551,587,
257,1277,23,763,1903,1075,1799,1877,223,1437,1783,859,1201,621,25,779,
1727,573,471,1979,815,1293,825,363,159,1315,183,27,241,941,601,971,
385,131,919,901,273,435,647,1493,95,29,1417,805,719,1261,1177,1163,
1599,835,1367,315,1361,1933,1977,747,31,1373,1079,1637,1679,1581,1753,1355,
513,1539,1815,1531,1647,205,505,1109,33,1379,521,1627,1457,1901,1767,1547,
1471,1853,1833,1349,559,1523,967,1131,97,35,1975,795,497,1875,1191,1739,
641,1149,1385,133,529,845,1657,725,161,1309,375,37,463,1555,615,1931,
1343,445,937,1083,1617,883,185,1515,225,1443,1225,869,1423,1235,39,1973,
769,259,489,1797,1391,1485,1287,341,289,99,1271,1701,1713,915,537,1781,
1215,963,41,581,303,243,1337,1899,353,1245,329,1563,753,595,1113,1589,
897,1667,407,635,785,1971,135,43,417,1507,1929,731,207,275,1689,1397,
1087,1725,855,1851,1873,397,1607,1813,481,163,567,101,1167,45,1831,1205,
1025,1021,1303,1029,1135,1331,1017,427,545,1181,1033,933,1969,365,1255,1013,
959,317,1751,187,47,1037,455,1429,609,1571,1463,1765,1009,685,679,821,
1153,387,1897,1403,1041,691,1927,811,673,227,137,1499,49,1005,103,629,
831,1091,1449,1477,1967,1677,697,1045,737,1117,1737,667,911,1325,473,437,
1281,1795,1001,261,879,51,775,1195,801,1635,759,165,1871,1645,1049,245,
703,1597,553,955,209,1779,1849,661,865,291,841,997,1265,1965,1625,53,
1409,893,105,1925,1297,589,377,1579,929,1053,1655,1829,305,1811,1895,139,
575,189,343,709,1711,1139,1095,277,993,1699,55,1435,655,1491,1319,331,
1537,515,791,507,623,1229,1529,1963,1057,355,1545,603,1615,1171,743,523,
447,1219,1239,1723,465,499,57,107,1121,989,951,229,1521,851,167,715,
1665,1923,1687,1157,1553,1869,1415,1749,1185,1763,649,1061,561,531,409,907,
319,1469,1961,59,1455,141,1209,491,1249,419,1847,1893,399,211,985,1099,
1793,765,1513,1275,367,1587,263,1365,1313,925,247,1371,1359,109,1561,1291,
191,61,1065,1605,721,781,1735,875,1377,1827,1353,539,1777,429,1959,1483,
1921,643,617,389,1809,947,889,981,1441,483,1143,293,817,749,1383,1675,
63,1347,169,827,1199,1421,583,1259,1505,861,457,1125,143,1069,807,1867,
2047,2045,279,2043,111,307,2041,597,1569,1891,2039,1957,1103,1389,231,2037,
65,1341,727,837,977,2035,569,1643,1633,547,439,1307,2033,1709,345,1845,
1919,637,1175,379,2031,333,903,213,1697,797,1161,475,1073,2029,921,1653,
193,67,1623,1595,943,1395,1721,2027,1761,1955,1335,357,113,1747,1497,1461,
1791,771,2025,1285,145,973,249,171,1825,611,265,1189,847,1427,2023,1269,
321,1475,1577,69,1233,755,1223,1685,1889,733,1865,2021,1807,1107,1447,1077,
1663,1917,1129,1147,1775,1613,1401,555,1953,2019,631,1243,1329,787,871,885,
449,1213,681,1733,687,115,71,1301,2017,675,969,411,369,467,295,693,
1535,509,233,517,401,1843,1543,939,2015,669,1527,421,591,147,281,501,
577,195,215,699,1489,525,1081,917,1951,2013,73,1253,1551,173,857,309,
1407,899,663,1915,1519,1203,391,1323,1887,739,1673,2011,1585,493,1433,117,
705,1603,1111,965,431,1165,1863,533,1823,605,823,1179,625,813,2009,75,
1279,1789,1559,251,657,563,761,1707,1759,1949,777,347,335,1133,1511,267,
833,1085,2007,1467,1745,1805,711,149,1695,803,1719,485,1295,1453,935,459,
1151,381,1641,1413,1263,77,1913,2005,1631,541,119,1317,1841,1773,359,651,
961,323,1193,197,175,1651,441,235,1567,1885,1481,1947,881,2003,217,843,
1023,1027,745,1019,913,717,1031,1621,1503,867,1015,1115,79,1683,793,1035,
1089,1731,297,1861,2001,1011,1593,619,1439,477,585,283,1039,1363,1369,1227,
895,1661,151,645,1007,1357,121,1237,1375,1821,1911,549,1999,1043,1945,1419,
1217,957,599,571,81,371,1351,1003,1311,931,311,1381,1137,723,1575,1611,
767,253,1047,1787,1169,1997,1273,853,1247,413,1289,1883,177,403,999,1803,
1345,451,1495,1093,1839,269,199,1387,1183,1757,1207,1051,783,83,423,1995,
639,1155,1943,123,751,1459,1671,469,1119,995,393,219,1743,237,153,1909,
1473,1859,1705,1339,337,909,953,1771,1055,349,1993,613,1393,557,729,1717,
511,1533,1257,1541,1425,819,519,85,991,1693,503,1445,433,877,1305,1525,
1601,829,809,325,1583,1549,1991,1941,927,1059,1097,1819,527,1197,1881,1333,
383,125,361,891,495,179,633,299,863,285,1399,987,1487,1517,1639,1141,
1729,579,87,1989,593,1907,839,1557,799,1629,201,155,1649,1837,1063,949,
255,1283,535,773,1681,461,1785,683,735,1123,1801,677,689,1939,487,757,
1857,1987,983,443,1327,1267,313,1173,671,221,695,1509,271,1619,89,565,
127,1405,1431,1659,239,1101,1159,1067,607,1565,905,1755,1231,1299,665,373,
1985,701,1879,1221,849,627,1465,789,543,1187,1591,923,1905,979,1241,181};
bool bad255[512] =
{0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,
1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,
0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,
1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,
1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,
1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
0,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,
1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,
0,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,
1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,
1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,
1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
0,0};
inline bool square( int64 x ) {
// Quickfail
if( x < 0 || (x&2) || ((x & 7) == 5) || ((x & 11) == 8) )
return false;
if( x == 0 )
return true;
// Check mod 255 = 3 * 5 * 17, for fun
int64 y = x;
y = (y & 4294967295LL) + (y >> 32);
y = (y & 65535) + (y >> 16);
y = (y & 255) + ((y >> 8) & 255) + (y >> 16);
if( bad255[y] )
return false;
// Divide out powers of 4 using binary search
if((x & 4294967295LL) == 0)
x >>= 32;
if((x & 65535) == 0)
x >>= 16;
if((x & 255) == 0)
x >>= 8;
if((x & 15) == 0)
x >>= 4;
if((x & 3) == 0)
x >>= 2;
if((x & 7) != 1)
return false;
// Compute sqrt using something like Hensel's lemma
int64 r, t, z;
r = start[(x >> 3) & 1023];
do {
z = x - r * r;
if( z == 0 )
return true;
if( z < 0 )
return false;
t = z & (-z);
r += (z & t) >> 1;
if( r > (t >> 1) )
r = t - r;
} while( t <= (1LL << 33) );
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final int BITS = 16;
BitSet foo = new BitSet();
for(int i = 0; i< (1<<BITS); i++) {
int sq = (i*i);
sq = sq & ((1<<BITS)-1);
foo.set(sq);
}
System.out.println("int[] mayBeASquare = {");
for(int i = 0; i< 1<<(BITS-5); i++) {
int kk = 0;
for(int j = 0; j<32; j++) {
if(foo.get((i << 5) | j)) {
kk |= 1<<j;
}
}
System.out.print("0x" + Integer.toHexString(kk) + ", ");
if(i%8 == 7) System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("};");
}
typedef unsigned long long UVLONG
UVLONG pp1,pp2;
void init2() {
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 64; j++)
if (isPerfectSquare(i * 64 + j)) {
pp1 |= (1 << j);
pp2 |= (1 << i);
break;
}
}
cout << "pp1=" << pp1 << "," << pp2 << "\n";
}
inline bool isPerfectSquare5(UVLONG x) {
return pp1 & (1 << (x & 0x3F)) ? isPerfectSquare(x) : false;
}
if(n < 410881L){...}
if (n < 11043908100L) {
//John Carmack hack, converted to Java.
// See: http://www.codemaestro.com/reviews/9
int i;
float x2, y;
x2 = n * 0.5F;
y = n;
i = Float.floatToRawIntBits(y);
//using the magic number from
//http://www.lomont.org/Math/Papers/2003/InvSqrt.pdf
//since it more accurate
i = 0x5f375a86 - (i >> 1);
y = Float.intBitsToFloat(i);
y = y * (1.5F - (x2 * y * y));
y = y * (1.5F - (x2 * y * y)); //Newton iteration, more accurate
sqrt = Math.round(1.0F / y);
} else {
//Carmack hack gives incorrect answer for n >= 11043908100.
sqrt = (long) Math.sqrt(n);
}
public class SquareTester {
public static boolean isPerfectSquare(long n) {
if (n < 0) {
return false;
} else {
switch ((byte) n) {
case -128: case -127: case -124: case -119: case -112:
case -111: case -103: case -95: case -92: case -87:
case -79: case -71: case -64: case -63: case -60:
case -55: case -47: case -39: case -31: case -28:
case -23: case -15: case -7: case 0: case 1:
case 4: case 9: case 16: case 17: case 25:
case 33: case 36: case 41: case 49: case 57:
case 64: case 65: case 68: case 73: case 81:
case 89: case 97: case 100: case 105: case 113:
case 121:
long i = (n * INV3465) >>> 52;
if (! good3465[(int) i]) {
return false;
} else {
long r = round(Math.sqrt(n));
return r*r == n;
}
default:
return false;
}
}
}
private static int round(double x) {
return (int) Double.doubleToRawLongBits(x + (double) (1L << 52));
}
/** 3465<sup>-1</sup> modulo 2<sup>64</sup> */
private static final long INV3465 = 0x8ffed161732e78b9L;
private static final boolean[] good3465 =
new boolean[0x1000];
static {
for (int r = 0; r < 3465; ++ r) {
int i = (int) ((r * r * INV3465) >>> 52);
good3465[i] = good3465[i+1] = true;
}
}
}
int main()
{
unsigned int c1=0 ,c2 = 0;
unsigned int x = 0;
unsigned int p = 0;
int k1 = 0;
scanf("%d",&p);
if(p % 2 == 0) {
x = p/2;
}
else {
x = (p/2) +1;
}
while(x)
{
if((x*x) > p) {
c1 = x;
x = x/2;
}else {
c2 = x;
break;
}
}
if((p%2) != 0)
c2++;
while(c2 < c1)
{
if((c2 * c2 ) == p) {
k1 = 1;
break;
}
c2++;
}
if(k1)
printf("\n Perfect square for %d", c2);
else
printf("\n Not perfect but nearest to :%d :", c2);
return 0;
}
public static boolean isSquare(final long val) {
if ((val & 2) == 2 || (val & 7) == 5) {
return false;
}
if ((val & 11) == 8 || (val & 31) == 20) {
return false;
}
if ((val & 47) == 32 || (val & 127) == 80) {
return false;
}
if ((val & 191) == 128 || (val & 511) == 320) {
return false;
}
// if((val & a == b) || (val & c == d){
// return false;
// }
if (!modSq[(int) (val % modSq.length)]) {
return false;
}
final long root = (long) Math.sqrt(val);
return root * root == val;
}
// This is faster because a number is divisible by 2^4 or more only 6% of the time
// and more than that a vanishingly small percentage.
while((x & 0x3) == 0) x >>= 2;
// This is effectively the same as the switch-case statement used in the original
// answer.
if((x & 0x7) != 1) return false;
0% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=Internet} 39673.40 ns; ?=378.78 ns @ 3 trials
33% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=Durron} 37785.75 ns; ?=478.86 ns @ 10 trials
67% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=DurronTwo} 35978.10 ns; ?=734.10 ns @ 10 trials
benchmark us linear runtime
Internet 39.7 ==============================
Durron 37.8 ============================
DurronTwo 36.0 ===========================
vm: java
trial: 0
0% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=Internet} 2933380.84 ns; ?=56939.84 ns @ 10 trials
33% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=Durron} 2243266.81 ns; ?=50537.62 ns @ 10 trials
67% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=DurronTwo} 3159227.68 ns; ?=10766.22 ns @ 3 trials
benchmark ms linear runtime
Internet 2.93 ===========================
Durron 2.24 =====================
DurronTwo 3.16 ==============================
vm: java
trial: 0
public final static boolean isPerfectSquareDurron(long n) {
if(n < 0) return false;
if(n == 0) return true;
long x = n;
// This is faster because a number is divisible by 16 only 6% of the time
// and more than that a vanishingly small percentage.
while((x & 0x3) == 0) x >>= 2;
// This is effectively the same as the switch-case statement used in the original
// answer.
if((x & 0x7) == 1) {
long sqrt;
if(x < 410881L)
{
int i;
float x2, y;
x2 = x * 0.5F;
y = x;
i = Float.floatToRawIntBits(y);
i = 0x5f3759df - ( i >> 1 );
y = Float.intBitsToFloat(i);
y = y * ( 1.5F - ( x2 * y * y ) );
sqrt = (long)(1.0F/y);
} else {
sqrt = (long) Math.sqrt(x);
}
return sqrt*sqrt == x;
}
return false;
}
public final static boolean isPerfectSquareDurronTwo(long n) {
if(n < 0) return false;
// Needed to prevent infinite loop
if(n == 0) return true;
long x = n;
while((x & 0x3) == 0) x >>= 2;
if((x & 0x7) == 1) {
long sqrt;
if (x < 41529141369L) {
int i;
float x2, y;
x2 = x * 0.5F;
y = x;
i = Float.floatToRawIntBits(y);
//using the magic number from
//http://www.lomont.org/Math/Papers/2003/InvSqrt.pdf
//since it more accurate
i = 0x5f375a86 - (i >> 1);
y = Float.intBitsToFloat(i);
y = y * (1.5F - (x2 * y * y));
y = y * (1.5F - (x2 * y * y)); //Newton iteration, more accurate
sqrt = (long) ((1.0F/y) + 0.2);
} else {
//Carmack hack gives incorrect answer for n >= 41529141369.
sqrt = (long) Math.sqrt(x);
}
return sqrt*sqrt == x;
}
return false;
}
public class SquareRootBenchmark {
public static class Benchmark1 extends SimpleBenchmark {
private static final int ARRAY_SIZE = 10000;
long[] trials = new long[ARRAY_SIZE];
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
Random r = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
trials[i] = Math.abs(r.nextLong());
}
}
public int timeInternet(int reps) {
int trues = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE; j++) {
if(SquareRootAlgs.isPerfectSquareInternet(trials[j])) trues++;
}
}
return trues;
}
public int timeDurron(int reps) {
int trues = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE; j++) {
if(SquareRootAlgs.isPerfectSquareDurron(trials[j])) trues++;
}
}
return trues;
}
public int timeDurronTwo(int reps) {
int trues = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE; j++) {
if(SquareRootAlgs.isPerfectSquareDurronTwo(trials[j])) trues++;
}
}
return trues;
}
}
public static void main(String... args) {
Runner.main(Benchmark1.class, args);
}
}
if (!goodLookupSquares[(int) ((n & 0xFFFFFFl) + ((n >> 24) & 0xFFFFFFl) + (n >> 48))]) return false;
public final static boolean isPerfectSquareDurronThree(long n) {
if(n < 0) return false;
if(n == 0) return true;
long x = n;
while((x & 0x3) == 0) x >>= 2;
if((x & 0x7) == 1) {
if (!goodLookupSquares[(int) ((n & 0xFFFFFFl) + ((n >> 24) & 0xFFFFFFl) + (n >> 48))]) return false;
long sqrt;
if(x < 410881L)
{
int i;
float x2, y;
x2 = x * 0.5F;
y = x;
i = Float.floatToRawIntBits(y);
i = 0x5f3759df - ( i >> 1 );
y = Float.intBitsToFloat(i);
y = y * ( 1.5F - ( x2 * y * y ) );
sqrt = (long)(1.0F/y);
} else {
sqrt = (long) Math.sqrt(x);
}
return sqrt*sqrt == x;
}
return false;
}
private static boolean[] goodLookupSquares = null;
public static void initGoodLookupSquares() throws Exception {
Scanner s = new Scanner(new File("24residues_squares.txt"));
goodLookupSquares = new boolean[0x1FFFFFE];
while(s.hasNextLine()) {
int residue = Integer.valueOf(s.nextLine());
goodLookupSquares[residue] = true;
goodLookupSquares[residue + 0xFFFFFF] = true;
goodLookupSquares[residue + 0x1FFFFFE] = true;
}
s.close();
}
0% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=Internet} 40665.77 ns; ?=566.71 ns @ 10 trials
33% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=Durron} 38397.60 ns; ?=784.30 ns @ 10 trials
67% Scenario{vm=java, trial=0, benchmark=DurronThree} 36171.46 ns; ?=693.02 ns @ 10 trials
benchmark us linear runtime
Internet 40.7 ==============================
Durron 38.4 ============================
DurronThree 36.2 ==========================
vm: java
trial: 0
long goodMask; // 0xC840C04048404040 computed below
{
for (int i=0; i<64; ++i) goodMask |= Long.MIN_VALUE >>> (i*i);
}
public boolean isSquare(long x) {
// This tests if the 6 least significant bits are right.
// Moving the to be tested bit to the highest position saves us masking.
if (goodMask << x >= 0) return false;
final int numberOfTrailingZeros = Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(x);
// Each square ends with an even number of zeros.
if ((numberOfTrailingZeros & 1) != 0) return false;
x >>= numberOfTrailingZeros;
// Now x is either 0 or odd.
// In binary each odd square ends with 001.
// Postpone the sign test until now; handle zero in the branch.
if ((x&7) != 1 | x <= 0) return x == 0;
// Do it in the classical way.
// The correctness is not trivial as the conversion from long to double is lossy!
final long tst = (long) Math.sqrt(x);
return tst * tst == x;
}
long goodMask; // 0xC840C04048404040 computed below
{
for (int i=0; i<64; ++i) goodMask |= Long.MIN_VALUE >>> (i*i);
}
public boolean isSquare(long x) {
// This tests if the 6 least significant bits are right.
// Moving the to be tested bit to the highest position saves us masking.
if (goodMask << x >= 0) return false;
// Remove an even number of trailing zeros, leaving at most one.
x >>= (Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(x) & (-2);
// Repeat the test on the 6 least significant remaining bits.
if (goodMask << x >= 0 | x <= 0) return x == 0;
// Do it in the classical way.
// The correctness is not trivial as the conversion from long to double is lossy!
final long tst = (long) Math.sqrt(x);
return tst * tst == x;
}
if (goodMask << x >= 0) return false;
/**
* Test if the given number is a perfect square.
* @param n Must be greater than 0 and less
* than Long.MAX_VALUE.
* @return <code>true</code> if n is a perfect
* square, or <code>false</code> otherwise.
*/
public static boolean isSquare(long n)
{
long x1 = n;
long x2 = 1L;
while (x1 > x2)
{
x1 = (x1 + x2) / 2L;
x2 = n / x1;
}
return x1 == x2 && n % x1 == 0L;
}
number == solution * solution
public class SquareRootChecker {
private long number;
private long initialLow;
private long initialHigh;
public SquareRootChecker(long number) {
this.number = number;
initialLow = 1;
initialHigh = 4;
if (Long.toString(number).length() % 2 == 0) {
initialLow = 3;
initialHigh = 10;
}
for (long i = 0; i < Long.toString(number).length() / 2; i++) {
initialLow *= 10;
initialHigh *= 10;
}
if (Long.toString(number).length() % 2 == 0) {
initialLow /= 10;
initialHigh /=10;
}
}
public boolean checkSquareRoot() {
return findSquareRoot(initialLow, initialHigh, number);
}
private boolean findSquareRoot(long low, long high, long number) {
long check = low + (high - low) / 2;
if (high >= low) {
if (number == check * check) {
return true;
}
else if (number < check * check) {
high = check - 1;
return findSquareRoot(low, high, number);
}
else {
low = check + 1;
return findSquareRoot(low, high, number);
}
}
return false;
}
}
long number = 1234567;
long square = number * number;
SquareRootChecker squareRootChecker = new SquareRootChecker(square);
System.out.println(square + ": " + squareRootChecker.checkSquareRoot()); //Prints "1524155677489: true"
long notSquare = square + 1;
squareRootChecker = new SquareRootChecker(notSquare);
System.out.println(notSquare + ": " + squareRootChecker.checkSquareRoot()); //Prints "1524155677490: false"
/**
* Calculate square root if the given number is a perfect square.
*
* Approach: Sum of n odd numbers is equals to the square root of n*n, given
* that n is a perfect square.
*
* @param number
* @return squareRoot
*/
public static int calculateSquareRoot(int number) {
int sum=1;
int count =1;
int squareRoot=1;
while(sum<number) {
count+=2;
sum+=count;
squareRoot++;
}
return squareRoot;
}