C++ 树上两片叶子的最低共同祖先

C++ 树上两片叶子的最低共同祖先,c++,algorithm,tree,C++,Algorithm,Tree,我有以下树结构: struct Node { int data; Node* parent = nullptr; } 每个节点最多有一个父节点,但可以有多个子节点。我试图找到两个没有任何子节点的节点(node1和node2)的最低共同祖先 这是我当前的代码: std::vector<Node*> ancestors1; std::vector<Node*> ancestors2; temp_node = node1->parent; while(tem

我有以下树结构:

struct Node {
   int data;
   Node* parent = nullptr;
}
每个节点最多有一个父节点,但可以有多个子节点。我试图找到两个没有任何子节点的节点(node1和node2)的最低共同祖先

这是我当前的代码:

std::vector<Node*> ancestors1;
std::vector<Node*> ancestors2;
temp_node = node1->parent;
while(temp_node!=nullptr) {
    ancestors1.push_back(temp_node);
    temp_node = temp_node->parent;
}
temp_node = node2->parent;
while(temp_node!=nullptr) {
    ancestors2.push_back(temp_node);
    temp_node = temp_node->parent;
}
Node* common_ancestor = nullptr;
if (ancestors1.size() < ancestors2.size()) {
    ptrdiff_t t = ancestors1.end() - ancestors1.begin();
    std::vector<Node*>::iterator it1 = ancestors1.begin();
    std::vector<Node*>::iterator it2 = ancestors2.end() - t;
    while(it1!=ancestors1.end()) {
        if (*it1 == *it2) {
            common_ancestor = *it1;
        }
        ++it1;
    }
} else {
    ptrdiff_t t = ancestors2.end() - ancestors2.begin();
    std::vector<Node*>::iterator it2 = ancestors2.begin();
    std::vector<Node*>::iterator it1 = ancestors1.end() - t;
    while(it2!=ancestors2.end()) {
        if (*it1 == *it2) {
            common_ancestor = *it1;
        }
        ++it2;
    }
}
return common_ancestor
std::vector ansestors1;
std::载体2;
temp_node=node1->parent;
while(临时节点!=nullptr){
取消存储1.向后推(临时节点);
临时节点=临时节点->父节点;
}
temp_node=node2->parent;
while(临时节点!=nullptr){
ancestors2.推回(临时节点);
临时节点=临时节点->父节点;
}
节点*公共_祖先=nullptr;
如果(ancestors1.size()

这段代码并不总是有效,我不知道为什么。

我发现了问题。除了需要移动两个迭代器而不是一个迭代器(感谢Jarod42和v78),我还需要在找到最低的公共祖先(否则它将返回最高的公共祖先)后立即跳出while循环


对不起,我无法抗拒

除了打字错误和bug,我相信它看起来更简单:

#include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

struct Node {
  int data;
  Node *parent = nullptr;
};

Node* findCommonAncestor(Node *pNode1, Node *pNode2)
{
  // find paths of pNode1 and pNode2
  std::vector<Node*> path1, path2;
  for (; pNode1; pNode1 = pNode1->parent) path1.push_back(pNode1);
  for (; pNode2; pNode2 = pNode2->parent) path2.push_back(pNode2);
  // revert paths to make indexing simple
  std::reverse(path1.begin(), path1.end());
  std::reverse(path2.begin(), path2.end());
  // compare paths
  Node *pNode = nullptr; // ancestor
  size_t n = std::min(path1.size(), path2.size());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    if (path1[i] == path2[i]) pNode = path1[i];
    else break;
  }
  // done
  return pNode;
}

int main()
{
  // sample tree:
  /*     1
   *     |
   *     2
   *    / \
   *   3   4
   *       |
   *       5
   */
  Node node1 = { 1, nullptr };
  Node node2 = { 2, &node1 };
  Node node3 = { 3, &node2 };
  Node node4 = { 4, &node2 };
  Node node5 = { 5, &node4 };
  Node *pNode = findCommonAncestor(&node3, &node5);
  if (pNode) {
    std::cout << "Lowest common ancestor: " << pNode->data << '\n';
  } else {
    std::cout << "No common ancestor found!\n";
  }
}

注意:

迭代器的使用有助于保持代码的通用性


我会考虑这样一个例子:坚持旧数组(AK<代码> STD::向量< /代码>)索引简化了事情。

< P>你不应该需要额外的空间来解决这个问题:

// measure depths
size_t depth1=0;
for (Node *n = node1; n; n=n->parent, ++depth1);
size_t depth2=0;
for (Node *n = node2; n; n=n->parent, ++depth2);

// move the deeper one up until they're the same depth
for (;depth1 > depth2; node1 = node1->parent, --depth1);
for (;depth2 > depth1; node2 = node2->parent, --depth2);

// move them both up until they match
while(node1 != node2) {
    node1 = node1->parent;
    node2 = node2->parent;
}

return node1;

请尝试创建最小且最简单的“不总是有效”树,并使用调试器逐步检查代码以帮助找出问题所在。创建函数以列出祖先,而不是重复逻辑。顺便说一句,当您将
node2
的祖先放在
antestors1
中时,只有一个迭代器移动,所以您只需检查一个祖先。只需执行
++it1++it2在if-else块的两侧。
it2=ancestors2.end()-t
-为什么?两个路径都必须从根开始。难道你不能从一开始就迭代这两条路径,一旦它们不同就立即中断吗?实际上要简单得多。谢谢
// measure depths
size_t depth1=0;
for (Node *n = node1; n; n=n->parent, ++depth1);
size_t depth2=0;
for (Node *n = node2; n; n=n->parent, ++depth2);

// move the deeper one up until they're the same depth
for (;depth1 > depth2; node1 = node1->parent, --depth1);
for (;depth2 > depth1; node2 = node2->parent, --depth2);

// move them both up until they match
while(node1 != node2) {
    node1 = node1->parent;
    node2 = node2->parent;
}

return node1;